ABSTRACT
Project 3.3 obtained experimental data on three natural tree
stands in support of studies in predicting blast damage to forested
areas. Primary objectives were: 1) to determine blast damage to trees
in terms of stem breakage, limb breakage, and defoliation where effects
are influenced by their location in a natural tree stand; 2) to determine the effect of natural forest cover on the shock wave in terms of
its peak static overpressure and peak dynamic pressure attenuation;

3) to provide individual tree deflection data in the region of long
positive phase duration times in order to support the theoretical basis
for breakage prediction.
The tree stands on three separate islands varied from 29 to 170

acres in area with vegetation composed of broadleaf trees up to 80 ft

tall and coconut palms about 40 ft tall. Several paims on the three
islands were equipped with snubber wire arrangement for measuring maxi-

mum deflection. The large stand was instrumented with 16 self-recerding
ground-level static overpressure gages at eight locations and two selfrecording dynamic pressure gages at two locations; the two smaller
stands were, instrumented with two static cverpressure gages each.
Sample plots were established on two islands for assessing stem and
limb breakage in more detail.
Ground-level pressure measurements lengthwise of a large stand
showed no attenuation in peak static overpressure. It was not possible
to evaluate the degree of peak dynamic pressure attenuation because
gages both in front of and inside the tree stand messured unrealistically
high peak dynamic pressure compared to values calculated from corresponding peak static overpressure measurements. Nonuniform character of
stands prohibited evaluation of shock attenuation from observations of

tree damage with distance. The damage to the broadleaf trees was principally crown damage with occasional stem breakage or uprooting. The
type of damage experienced was similar for moderate and high yield
weapons. Observed damage from two weapons cf different yields compare
favorably with isodamage curves prepared for broadleaf stands.

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