IAEA-SM-224/607 113 [6] HEMPELMANN, L.H., HALL, W.J., PHILLIPS, M., COOPER, R.A., AMES, W.R., Neoplasmsin persons treated with X-rays in infancy; Fourth survey in 20 years, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55 (1975) 519. [7] ROBBINS, J., RALL, J.E., CONARD,R.A., Late effects of radioactive iodine in fallout, Combined Clinical Staff Conference at the National Institutes of Health, Ann. Intern. Med. 66 (1967) 1214. [8] LARSEN, P.R., “Radioimmunoassay of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin in human serum’’, Manualof Clinical Immunology (ROSE, N.R., FRIEDMAN,H., Eds), American Society for Microbiology, Washington (1976) 222. [9] SABERI, M., UTIGER, R.D., Augmentation of thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone following small decreases in serum thyroid hormoneconcentrations, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40 (1975) 435. . [10} SAWIN, C.T., HERSHMAN,J.M., The TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in young adult men: intra-individual variation and relation to basal serum TSH and thyroid hormones, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42 (1976) 809. [11] BIGOS, S.T., RIDGWAY, E.C., KOURIDES, I.A., MALOOF, F., The spectrum of pituitary alterations with mild and severe thyroid impairment., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.(in press). [12] MAXON, H.R., THOMAS, S.R., SAENGER,E.L., BUNCHER, C.R., KEREIAKES, J.G., Ionizing irradiation and the induction of clinically significant disease in the human thyroid gland., Am. J. Med. 63 (1977) 967. {13] BECKER, D.V., MC CONAHEY, W.M., DOBYNS, B.M., “Theresults of the thyrotoxicosis therapy followup study”, Further Advances in Thyroid Research 1 (FELLINGER,K., HOFER,R., Eds), Gistel G. et Cie, Vienna (1971) 603. [14] UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION,Reactor Safety Study, An Assessment of Accident Risks in U.S. Commercial Nuclear Power Plants, Appendix VI, Calcuiations of Reactor Accident Consequences, Rep. WASH 1400, NUREG-75/014, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington (1975); Protection of the thyroid gland in the event of releases of radioiodine; Recommendationsof the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP Rep. No. 55, Washington (1977). DISCUSSION M. DELPLA: I wonder what reliance can be placed in the doses you report, because [ do not believe that 1000 rads, or even 1500, would have been enough to suppress the hormonal activity of the thyroid gland of two children contaminated when they were one year old. In fact, to obtain such a result, doctors have to administer a dose of !31I giving at least 100 000 rad. It is true that this applies to adults, but all the same the dose difference appears considerable. R.A. CONARD: There are uncertainties in the thyroid dose estimates in the Marshallese, particularly in the children. I agree it would seem likely that the two boys who developed myxoedemareceived higher doses than those estimated to produce atrophyof the thyroid gland. K. SHIMAOKA: The normal humanthyroid is radioresistant as far as thyroid function is concerned; patients with head and neck tumourstreated by