HUMAN
GADIATION
parent that most of this faodt area i bevoid
the range of destruetian 1 rhast ap heat. aid
thus one is dealing vith: essentially a Spire
radiological situation
The extent and porentia seriousness of fil
ONIUEY
97
faiees for man shoukl be used only as a rough
ui ted casey estimation,
lor order of magnitude of doses that may be
cr ountered on the fall out area, the following
1 officer! releases of
tures for total dose for the tirst 36 hour period,
cteauotec: from chairman Strauss’ release (1).
these statements. the bomn'= cloud could drop.
atthe Bikint Ato] on Mareh 1.1954, within the
out was clearly indicated
the Atomie Energy Conin.ssion
1-4
From
radioactive ashes ina chyar-suaped zone abeut
220 miles long and vote 4 nies wide. There
could be sufficient ranioaet vityou on downwind
belt about 140 miles in engt') and of varying
width up to 20 miles to seriously threaten "he
lives of nearly all persons remaining im the aren
for 86 hours and who did nor take protective
measures. The zones thus catlined far potent:al
morbidity and lethality cepend obvieusiv
or
Ter odes downwind from the large device fired
les =e. a total dose of 3,000 roentgens was dePvered over i period of 36 hours. The largest
tots, lose delivered outside the test site was
2.2 for tae same period at the north-west
rue oot Rongelap Atoll about 100 miles from
Silins ‘Two other areas in Rongelap 110 and
© tities fram Bikini recetved 2,000 and 150 r
esomerively,
Strauss(i) emphasized that possible «is
ualty figures given are for ‘ie cears? posxsthle -it
uation.
Casualties might te reduced greatly in
number because mary on the area sould take
shelter or evacuate the aren. Also, rhe pattert
of fallout might be -potty cu nature, and thus,
many would escape exposure Nevertheless. tne
area where potentiaily serious casualties mins
result may exceed bso orders of magnitude the
relatively smail aren: for eonvent onal werpers
6.33
The Effects of Gamms Radiauon From
of
oenetrating radiation given over a few min-
ies or tours are indicated in Table 6.1 (7). It
~ emphasized that such tables are derived
feet,
from
animal
‘acues
vary
considerably
ve
esf
taker
Tihifes
as
as seen in the Marshallese.
107
Hair
oroduce the same
bor
both situations, penetratcig radiation of ‘he
entire body results. (Juatativedy, the result.
are identical. (Juanritativel: reo, dose-ettert
relationships). there may oe ditferences die t>
incompletely Known and iaderstood di tte rence-
QM) r
3006
in the energy of rad ation ued ir dose rite. ane
inthe geometry of esposuse tsee sec 6 F2)
these reasons. and far ieteliti ora rensons
Ker
to he
advanced later. instrimen! rerdines od roentven
dose mensered ips
ae
og
ade ped cdo. Hag +
«and
from
thus, should
only.
the
These
British
fanie 6.1.—Fffects of Acute Total Body Irradiation on Human Beings
type of Wwyury produced fs ‘he initial radiation
from the conventional weapar
fu the ane case
radiation is delivered fron a distant source 1:
the other from essentially . plane sield. Ly
data
approximations
oS 5
Fallout
The vamma radiniions cre penetrating: id,
125 miles from
Ctfecrs that may be expected for given «loses
weaponsize, wind and other weather conditien
ete.
Another area,
Spon recerved 1.000 rover the 36 hour period.
hr
made
Na casualties.
No reduction in
ifectivene ss.
Two percent mav be casualties
nausea andor vomiting) for
snort period of time. No evacuinion contemplated, No sientfi‘ant reduction in effectiveness.
Twenty-five pereent casualties in
a few hours
First definite rejuction in effectiveness. Fifty
percent of the casualties in this
vroup will have to be evacuated.
ii must be evacuated as soon as
possible.
Fifty percent wall be
1 oneffective
Approximately 20 percent deaths.
AL need evacuation immediately, Ad are noneffectives.
Fefty pereent deaths
Lethal dose, but not neeessarily
‘or all sa oxposed