concept in elementary psychology. We see an object or are faced with a situation and we simultaneously want to take the object, or face the Situation, but at the same time we have strong feelings to leave or reject the object or avoid the situation. For a number of complex reasons, usually one of these impulses is stronger than the other, which results in our taking one or the other course of action. By means of this analogy, it appears that there are two motives, or influences apparently at work in the examinations and treatment. These influences might be characterized by saying that like any practitioner of medicine, the doctors were interested in treating their patients as quickly as possible for any illness or dysfunctions they might exhibit; there was also a natural scientific curiosity to study within the constraints of reasonability such effects to document the limits of their course, short of morbid processes~~before administering treatment. These two impulses of medical duty and scientific curiosity were perhaps best exhibited in a recounting of the immediate treatment given concerning blood cell. counts in the AEC's 1956 report, and also with regard to the growth and development studies over a period of several years. Concerning the blood cells counts, the AEC 1956 report stated: "2,31 Clinical Observations and Leukocyte Counts “Between the 33rd and 43rd post-exposure days, 10 percent of the individuals in Group I (Rongelap) had an absolute granulocyte level of 1000 per cubic millimeter or below, The lowest count observed during this period was 700 granulocytes/mn, 2 During this interval the advisability of giving prophylactic antibiotic therapy to granulocytopenic individuals was carefully considered. However, prophylactic antibiotic therapy was not instituted for the following reasons: (1) All individuals were under continuous medical observation, so that infection would be discovered in its earliest stages. (2) Premature administration of antibiotics might have obscured indications for treatment, and might also have lead to the development of drug resistant organisms in individuals with lowered resistance to infection, (3) There was no accurate knowledge of the number of granulocytes required by man to prevent infections with this type of granulocytopenia,." (emphasis added) 145 [Ole 153