RMI Nuclear Justice Documents

250 Health Physics August 2010, Volume 99, Number 2 Table Al. (Continued) Ingested form The Actinides Plutonium (Pu) Oral administration of soluble salts Bicarbonate and citrate forms Pu in chlorinated drinking water A 7x 107° (2 x 1077-4 x 1077/4 (x 1073-2 x 1071')4 J; values were similar in mice and humans Range of values in human volunteers 34 humansubjects investigated, chronic intakes 6 humansubjects investigated, from Sellafield plant discharge in the Irish Sea, chronic intakes Adopted values, based on limited literature for workers Bhattacharyya et al. 1989 Popplewell et al. 1994 Sun and Meinhold 1997 Hunt 1998 Adopted value for the public ICRP 1989 Revised value for adults (chronic intakes) Adopted value for children (chronic intakes) Recommended values based on literature information (chronic intakes) ICRP 1996 Based on the absorption of Np in rats, adopted for workers Recommended for environmental exposures (low mass), chronic intakes ICRP 1980 Revised value, chronic intakes ICRP 1996 1x10 6 human subjects investigated, chronic intakes Hunt 1998 5x 10+ For all Am compounds, acute intakes for workers For occupational exposure Adopted value for the public ICRP 1979 Surface contamination on plants Pu (+4) fed to fasting baboons 1x 10° 1x 10+ 1x 107 (2 x 10°*-9 x 1074" 4x 10+ 3 x 10-4 (2 x 10°°-7 X 10-*)* Oxides and hydroxide forms 1 x 10° All other compounds Literature information for various ingested forms Literature information for various ingested forms 1x 1074 1x 107 Incorporated into food and drinking water Neptunium (Np) Literature information, nitrate form Literature information Americium (Am) *“! Am incorporated in shellfish from the discharge of Sellafield plant Literature information on various ingested forms 5x 10+ 5x 10> 1x 107 1 x 10° 1x 107 5 x 107+ 1x 1074 1x 107° 5 x 107+ Uranium (U) Soluble uranyl! nitrate Incorporated in diet Drinking water U (+6) Drinking water Central values for different studies Central estimates for environmental studies Overall range from food intake Soluble inorganic forms Soluble forms Oxide (insoluble) forms Dietary forms Hamilton 1948 rats Larsen et al. 1981 8 x 104 °3°. 4°Pu incorporated in typical Marshallese diet °3°. 4°Pu incorporated in shellfish Review of various studies on References Fasting mice andrats Range of values based drinking water intakes Estimated in Finnish Lappa population, chronic intakes Suggested f, values for nuclear fuel facility Fallout Pu incorporated in reindeer meat Incorporated in plants via roots Pu (+4) Comments (5 xX 10°*-5 x 1077) 1x 107 2x 107 5x 10° Most recent recommendation, chronic intakes for the public ICRP 1979; U.S. EPA 1988 Kendall et al. 1988 (NEA) ICRP 1986, 1989 U.S. EPA 1988 ICRP 1989 ICRP 1996 Hursh et al. 1969 Wrennetal. 1985, 1989 Fed to fasting baboons Bhattacharyya et al. 1989 Non-fasting baboons Chronic intakes Review and re-analysis of (3 x 1073-3 x 1077) several studies Chronic intakes 2x 107 2x 107 Mussalo-Rauhamaa et al. 1984 Pinder et al. 1990 4 hospital patients investigated Review ofliterature data 5x 10° 2x 10° (1 X 10°°-2 x 107°)" (1 x 1077-1.5 x 1077) 5x 10°? 5x 10°? Larsen et al. 1983 Chronic intakes Adopted value for workers Recommended for occupational exposure Acute intakes Adopted for the general public (chronic intakes) Harduin et al. 1994 Leggett and Harrison 1995 ICRP 1979 U.S. EPA 1988 ICRP 1995, 1996 (Continued)