out both by pai pation people, and also the or the glancs of some of these dose of thyroid replacement drugs. Since some who had run out of thyroid replacement medi- cation clin1ically appeared thryroprivic therefore 1 feel usually the entire thyroid was removed, a type of Surgery commonly performed for thyroid cancer and not a simpie benign adenoma. However I understand from several sources that the Brookhaven Institute under the name of Dr. Conard and his associates reports that in the Marshail Islanders there are only very few cancers of the thyroid found, but that almost all of the lesions of the thyroid were benign adenomas. This creates a conflict in my mind, since of the patients, perhaps eighteen to twenty, who had demonstrated to me thyroid scars, one of them was identified histologically as a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid, (in Guam) and this in a relatively Young men; and in case of he presented an unduly hard nodule in the lower portion of one of the thyroid lobes, -- so hard, and so well set apart from the thyroid tissue itself, 3 Ou be ct: thet I fear this also might be a carcinoma. That rediation would produce so many benign adenomas and so relatively few carcinomas as I am led indirectly to believe is difficult for me to accept. JI should, were I involved in further s Q like to see sections of all the thyroids removed. Cne should know that there reedily arises an honest difference of epinion that occurs between pathologists es to what constitutes malignancy in thyroid tumors and micrescopic re-evaluatioon will be useful. <A second cpinion based on microscopic re-evaluation of the tissue is fustified by the very high incidence cf tenign tumors compéred with malignent tumors, in face of the known effects of radiation in producing malignancy. There appears to be little doubt that the tumors, benign or malignant, are radiaticn-induced. There are jest toc many of them to be anythang else. therwise one would have to postulate that the Marshallese had a remarkably high incidence racially of tumors of the thyroid, this existing before 1946, and the old people I spoke to denied this They cenied that prior to the bonbs there waS any particular epidemic of lumps in the neck. I cannot therefore accept the belief that the Marshall 4 Simply by virtue of their heredity have a tenonal chyrceid tumors. The LEQ easy ; : \ other thing that struck ne was the fregeencv crf