“REVIEW OF STANDARDS HISTORICAL 1. FRACTION OF DOSE FOR OBSERVABLE RESPONSE (e.g. ERYTHEMA, BLOOD COUNTS) e e 2. GENERALLY SHORT-TERM NON-STOCHASTIC GENETIC EFFECTS e AGE PRO-RATION; 5 (n-18) 3. ALARA (ALAP) e@ 4. JUSTIFICATION TOTAL RISK OF HEALTH EFFECTS e e RISK = PROBABILITY STOCHASTIC RISKS CONTROLLING