Fat Vn Fg, SARS Pg ee . CONTENTS le Poe i “i , eat . page INTRODUCTION....... 0.0.0 eee cee ce eee re cee e tent ee nen eneneeee Sa eveewwseeesene 59 WHAT IS RADIATION? ........ 0... cece cece cence eee ence eee eneeuee wsnccceee DD PRODUCTS OF A NUCLEAR EXPLOSION...... 0.0... e cc eee cece ne cen eeees vee CRITERIA FOR CONDUCTINGA TEST ............. 0. cece eee eee eeee deveeee cones 60 PREDICTING FALLOUT PATTERNS.................. csc e cece nce eee e eee eenees 63 ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION ......... 0. ccc cece cece cece ener eer e seen ete eneeceeees 64 Onsite Monitoring by The Department of Energy ..............00 200 cceeee cece eeeee 65 Offsite Monitoring by The Environmental Protection Agency ...................04 66 GROUNDWATER. ......... 0. cece cece cence cere eee enn e eee ease reer eeecnees 70 MONITORING CAPABILITY ......... 2... ccc e cece cece renee ence ees ee ner eeeenres 74 Figure Figures Page 4-1. The Typical Bimodal Curve for Fission-Product Yield .............6.6..000005- 60 4-2. Controllable and Uncontrollable Areas ........ 0... o cece cece eee nent eens 62 4-3. Projected Fallout Dispersion Pattern ................ ccc cece cee cee cen ene neuees 63 4-4, Yield v. Distance 2.0.0.0... ccc cee cee ree cee ee nee eee rere eee e rene tenes 64 4-5. Typical RAMs Array for Vertical Drill-Hole Shot ............ 0... . cee ce cee e ees 66 4-6, Typical RAMs Array for Tunnel Shot .............. 0. cece ccc eee eee e cece eas 67 4-7, Air Monitoring Stations .......2........0. cece ccaeeceneeceeeeespee esececncees 69 « 4-8. 4-9. 4-10. 4-11. 4-12. Sample Press Release ........ 0... ccc csc cece nee n aw cence ence cence eeteees Standby Air Surveillance Network Stations ............06. 0c. c ccc ee cece eee eeees Locations Monitored With Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ...........-.....0665 Milk Sampling Locations .............. 0.0. c cece cect cence ees ee rere eretencnees Standby Milk Surveillance Network ..........-.... 0. c cece eee e cence cceeeetceee 4-13. Collection Site for Animals Sampled in 1987 ......... 2.0.0... e ces ce cece eee ees 4-14. Locations of Families in the Offsite Human Surveillance Program ............... 4-15. Well Sampling Locations Onsite ..........0.. 000-2 cece cece cece cece eee eeees 4-16. Well Sampling Locations Offsite ... 2.22.0... 0... cc cece cee reece cet ee cee eeeerncecs Table Tables 72; 73. 74: 75 716 77 78 79 80 Page 4-1. Common Radionuclides Involved in a Nuclear Explosion ...................00555 60 4-2. Summary of Onsite Environmental Monitoring Program ...................2.0055 68 4-3. Citizens Alert Water Sampling Program ..........-..2.--seccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 78 apg ANS