190 DASA 2019-2 TAYLOR: Didn't some of the birds, because of exposure to the thermal radiation, lose their ability to shed water so that they couldn't swim?” DONALDSON: TAYLOR: Yes. Are these birds that norrnally would fish by landing in the water and then diving? DONALDSON: they don't dive. They simply pick the fish off close to the surface, The other major problem one might ca!] attention to at this point is that we are dealing with two environments really, The birds live in both, but the other animals live essentially in either the terrestrial or the aquatic environment. The obvious situation that existed is that while there was a stratification of the fallout on the land, there was a three-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the sea. Inthe terrestrial areca the fallout radionuclides are available to the biota most specifically if they are in a soluble form. In this form they are picked up by the plants and enter the food chain of the animals that fecd upon the plants, Figure 35 is a partial illustration of the sort of fractionation that takes place inthe land areca. All of this spectrum of radionuclides, of course, is available on the land from faliout. Rongelap Atoll which, in 1961, This chart is for contained in its soil the radionuclides listed at the top of the figure. The plants picked up only four cut of this complex and of those four the rats concentrated two: strontium?0 and cesium!37, The fish, on the other hand, picked up manganese®5t, cobalt60, and zinc®5. We might add to this spectrum iron®5 and co- balt 60, which were the two dominant radionuclides in the open sea. To make a sweeping statement of generality, the land animals and plants concentrated nuclides in the soluble form, while those in the sea concentrated nuclides in particulate form. Since the induced radionuclides of cobalt and iron are in particulate form, although finely divided, they enter through the food web more dominantly than do the soluble forms, which are distributed throughout the water. Then we might comment on the competition that exists in the sea, which is completely different from that on land, nutritional deficiencies, part, for on land there are particularly in minerals, do not occur in the sea, that, for the most