SESSION fil 127 MILLER: Which others show it? CONARD: Which other examples, you mean, from the literature ? MILLER: Right. CONARD: Numerous animal studies have shown the causative relationship of radiation of the thyroid with later developrnent of both nedules and malignancy (References 19 and 29). This also applies to radioicdine (References 21 and 22}, Also examples in human therapy include patients, particularly children, treated with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism, which have been shown to later develop nodules (Reference 23). MILLER: Then external radiation also has had some effect? CONARD: External radiation certainly in children, A causal ree lation of irradiation of the neck region in infants and later develop- ment of thyroid cancer and nodules has been clearly demonstrated (References 24 and 25). There appears to te an increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma in inhabitants of Hiroshirma and Nagasaki exposed tq radiation from the atomic bomb explosions (Reference 26), TAYLOR: Was this given for diagnostic purposes? CONARD: Radioiodine was given for treatment of hyperthyroidism, to destroy part a: the gland. DUNHAM: Big doses. CONARD: Yes. It takes about 10, 000 rad to successfully treat hyperthyroid conditions whereas in some cases, to ablate the thyroid gland, such as in angina pectoris (heart discase) they use doses of 50, 000 to 70, 000 rad to the thyroid gland to destroy it. We haven't seen any recurrence of cancer in this one Marshallese case. She's had complete surgical and radioiodine ablation of her gland. Now, the correlation of the development of these thyroid abnormalities and the growth retardation in children has become increasingly clear. These children in recent years have shown more and more evidence of reduced activity of the gland, and, as I said, the two