262 Health Physics 160° E August 2010, Volume 99, Number 2 164° E 168° E ! 12° N bce 172°E T Bikar . “0.3 eee acessbsceeonevessseececnseensnssseccentanensssssecce ccooceeeseeceeeeess Enewetak Sieh Lia: “ ! Rencela Pe ght 29eae PRongeri gerik Ailinginae 0.8 Utrik 40% * F3.9 Taka Ailuk . Mejit Jemo #04 0.4%iy, 0.3 Likiep -93 Wotje yD 0.4 0.8% Maloelap - Erikub Bo IN en ennccceeceeseeeeceeeceenencaeeceeesnsnasecesetesseeeseeeenfecseccessesstseaseceseresss+++-+- l -} 12°N S405 oe | 0.5 & Aur Alc ee eee... 4 8°N Majuro 0.3 to 4.0 : aie al: MM > 5.0 Arno Mili 1.0 ats Kosrae 0 0 75 150 km 75 150mi 160° E ! ! ! 164° E 168° E 172°E Fig. 2. Ratio of predicted '"’Cs deposition density (Bq m~*) from simulations using the NOAA-HYSPLIT model and deposition density (Bq m~’) inferred from available measurement data from the Bravo test. Table 6. Comparison of wind speed and direction at time of detonation at the Bikini test site for the 28 February 1954 (GMT) Bravotest. DNA(1979) Altitude (m) 1,524 3,048 4,572 6,096 7,620 9,144 10,668 12,192 13,716 15,240 16,764 18,288 21,336 24,384 27,432 30,480 HYSPLIT Wind speed Wind direction Wind speed Wind direction 16 10 24 24 35 48 64 64 84 38 29 — — — — — 100 310 290 380 260 250 240 230 250 250 200 — — — — — 27 16 19 32 47 58 66 71 69 56 42 24 10 23 45 72 136 303 282 264 253 250 258 265 264 285 308 331 124 74 92 96 (kmh) (deg) (km bh”) (deg) deposition estimates do not agree well quantitatively. In general, HYSPLIT indicated that the more significant deposition occurred slightly north of the location reported in Cedarwall and Peterson (1990). For example, the HYSPLIT simulation indicated little fallout at St. George, UT, a location in which significant fallout is Table 7. Particle size distribution used for the Harry simulation. Particle size range (4m) Increment in range (jm) 5 to 50 60 to 100 125 to 300 350 to 700 800 to 1,000 5 10 25 50 100 known to have occurred (Anspaugh and Church 1986; Beck and Anspaugh 1991). This difference is likely due to disagreements between the wind data at downwind grid locations used in our simulations as comparedto the simulations of Cederwall and Peterson (1990). Cederwall and Peterson (1990) also reported that adjustments to certain fallout parameters in their model were needed to create an agreement between simulation results and measurementdata. Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site: Test #1 The first Soviet nuclear detonation took place on 29 August 1949 with a yield of 22 kt. This detonation wasa surface burst at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan. The test is believed to have been identical in constructionto the first U.S. nuclear test, Trinity (Rhodes 1986), conducted in New Mexico in 1945. The maximum cloud height was ~9 km. At the time of the test, there