CHAPTER IV, SECTION 3 SECTION 3 FRESH WATER DISTILLATION AND DISTRIBUTION The fresh water requirenents were based on forecasted peak populations with an estimated daily per capita consumption of 49 gallons in the permanent camps and 35 gallons in the temporary camps. Experience gained with distillation units had indicated thar they serve satisfactorily as the source of frex<h water when provided in multiple units of liberal capacity to permit the fairly extensive maintainance nec- essary for this type of equipment. In determining the number and capacities of units required at each camp, consideration was given to ��cown time’ of 25°; for the units installed and to the difference between rated capacities and actual yields due to the fouling of tubes in use. As the program developed, it became apparent in April 1953 that it would be necessary to provide additional distillation units to meet the expected fresh water demands. After evaluation of all the factors available at that time, a decision was reached to procure six 600 gph and four 200 gph additional units. Though the origina! concept of the number of camps and population estimates changed -omewhat thereafter, the acqui-ition of these additional units permitted the provision of adequate plant capacities at all sites. The fallow- ing tabulation indicates the iocation of all units in February 1954, the month of peak population. = SITE Elmer Pred re NO.OF UNITS 6 3 a 5 RATED OUTPUT COMPRESSOR G. P.H. PRIME MOVER 60 60U zoo 00 €o0 Ursula Yvonne 3 1** 200 600 Charlie Fox Nan 4 4 4 150 150 150 Tare 11 150 Elect. Diesel Pesce lect. Diesel Thesel Elect. Gas Gas Gas Gas STATIONARY OR PORTABLE CAPACITY PER DAY Stationary Portable Portable Stationary Portable 134,400 rn 187,200 Portable Stationary 14,400 9,200 Portable 39,600 Portable Portable Portable 14,400 14.400 14,400 * Used only for several days during emergency landing of Bikini Personnel after Bravo event. ** Tn inactive status. The distillation units with their related equipment such. as boilers, pumps, and chlorinators. were housed at the teinporary camps in simple inexpensive, expendable buildings. Figure 4-23 shows the installation at site Charlie. Ground and elevated storage tanks were provided in quantities to provide storage of one day’s supply of fresh water. The piping to the clevated tanks was so arranged that these tanks rode the distribution system and thereby provided the necessarv head. Ashestos-cement pipe for distribution lines was used for reducing the corrosion problems since it was available at Jobsite. Shallow salt water wells conveniently located adjacent to the distillation plants were the source of salt water. Figure 4-24 shows a typical elevated tank at a temporary campsite. Operating experience indicated that consumption could be held to low rates only with careful water discipline by users and continued surveillance of the distribution systems to detect and rectify leakage as early as possible. Demands for fresh water were heavy for washing down planes, for decontamination purposes, and photographic laboratories. Also, the distillation plants on LSTs did not operate satisfactorily when the vessels were beached and it became necessary to augment the supply of water to these vessels from the source at Elmer. Records of daily production and consumption records for all purposes were maintained and reported monthly to the AEC. Consumption for both Eniwetok and Bikini Atolls is shown in the table at the bottom of page 4-32. Page 4-31