U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DIVISION, PACIFIC OCEAN CORPS OF ENGINEERS provect TITLE CRATER (puta MEUT- ENEweIasi no. | oF | sus LOCATION KUNIT DRAWING (S) NO, COMPUTED BY__ iSi - SkimMMWg 41M vat © SECTION pate S241 cHecKen ay DATE DESIGN ANALYSIS 1. References. a. .: | ; bap 4 oo. USGS report, "Ground-water Conditions on Enewetok Atoll, with Comments on the Effects of Use of Conventional Explosives," by F. C. Koopman, May 1973 (Incl 1). , | | b. Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Report, “Groundwater Resources Evaluation: Enewetak Atoll, " by R. W. Buddemeier and R. C. Jansen, October 1976 (incl 2). j ~.--- ee fo ceedee ee t ! to} wn ' me | : ' ' a Ree a states (pg 16) “The‘island of'Runit does d not have a shape favor- able to the formation of a fresh-water or:slightly saline-water lens. is a long narrow island and the distance from its axis to the ocean is It generally less than 300 feet, which does not make it qa prospect for fresh- water accumulation under prevailing precipitation and other hydrologic conditions." i i i we oe be: to, weeps fa set . 3. Ref b states |e 50-51) uw] . .the available water will normally be at least 25% seawater and may rise above 50% during dry seasons." Again under "C, Conclusions and Recommendations 1. '. . . Actual salinities may range from a low of 20% seawater toa high valued well in excess of 50% seawater.' 4 1 4. It should be pointed out that 25 percent seawater means a chloride content of about 9,000 mg/l. This is far in excess of anyone's definition of freshwater. Note table I Quality Standards of same report shows permis- sible chloride content of 250 mg/l, Hence, 25 percent, seawater ts, 36 times saltidr than the "permissible"' 'standard." *” ne ! ~-| oe ee ee oa} 4 a —- en nt t _t ch gee, fb ome . a rreyed genni 5. Note that there is'not significant inconsistency between the actual ‘” ‘ test data in two reports. However, statements and estimates on page 50 of ref b may be easily misinterpreted if taken out of context of the whole report, since in three places it refers to "total freshwater inventory" or “total freshwater equivalents." This inventory and these equivalents are actually highly saline brackish water. ! - pent: potentialfuser “must'be cautionedthat diotieae! Tdundeted “ikper— Ont geawater will be salty,when dried, and will be uncomfortable pe.worn: for. extended periods. POD Form 115 1 Jui 70 SC i ! | oo | oy i | _t i: * .