“The first of the groups assembled to conduct nuclear weapons
tests on Eniwetok Atol} organizationally came into being on 18 October
1947.
Called Joint Task Force Seven, the group was composed of
personnel from many YU. S. governmental Agencies .2
Not having significant
ground facilities on Enivetok Atoll, the Task Force Seven operated from
their many surface ships.
Three nuclear detonations were made in this
Operation Sandstone, which occurred, during April and May in 1948.3
The detonations were on 200 ft. towers; the “first on Engebi, the second
on Biijiri, and the third on Runit. _‘The largest yield was the second
»
‘with a yield of 49 kilotons.4°°
This kiloton terminology means that
- the explosive energy of the nuclear detonation equals 49 thousand tons
of high explosive.
(A table at the end of this section gives for each
of these and the following tests at Eniwetok the test name, date, time,
location, height of burst, position (airdrop, barge, ground surface,
or underwater) of nuclear explosive, cloud height, and yield.)
In preparation for the next " series of nuclear tests, the Atomic
Energy Commission in mid-1949 decided to facilitate further testing
by refurbishing Eniwetok with improving ground-based structures and
by providing more adequate technical facilities?
This work was
based on a survey submitted by Holmes and Narver, Inc., on 7 January
1949.
The Commission approved the recommendation for construction in
April 1949, and the contract was signed in June.6
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reference 1, p 85.
Reference 1, p 86.
Samuel Glasstone, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Department of the
Army Pamphlet No. 39-3 (February 1946), and ary A. Edwards,
“Tabulation of Data on Announced Ruclear Detonations by Al]
Nations through 1965," Report UCRL-14786, 17 March 1966 (Available from clearin
house for Federal Scientific & Tech Info, Springfield, Va. )
Reference 1, p 87.
Reference 1, pp 113, 115
2