to depict the scope of the project's effort and to show significant results of
their effort for historical and report purposes. Still photography for illustrating preliminary and final reports was conducted by TG 7.1, TU-l. Motion picture coverage to be used in the production of a weapon effects film

was provided by JTF 7.

Technical photography, such ag high-speed, time-

lapse, and function-of-time photography, was furnished by TU-5 (EG&G).

During the planning phase of Operation Hardtack, it became evident that

the needs of the various projects for photographically collected data would

fall on the five military effects events: two high altitude rocket detonations,

one high altitude balloon detonation, and two underwater detonations. Because
of the varied nature and location of the detonations, more extensive and
sophisticated camera installations were needed than on any prior operation.
As the test series proceeded, additional shots of military interest were added,
which further increased the complexity and number of camera stations.
For the high altitude balloon detonation, RB-36's were used with backup camera installation mounted on the USS Boxer. For the Teak and Orange
shots, the RB-36's were used with backup surface and ground stations.
The photographic equipment used for all three high altitude detonations
consisted of streak, high and medium speed motion picture, rapid sequence still,
and Zenith cameras, utilizing both color and black and white film.
The photographic instrumentation for the two underwater shots was

basically the same for each shot.

The stations common to both shots con-

sisted of a camera station on Parry Island, and one on Igurin Island; an
LCU camera station anchored in the lagoon; an RB-50 aircraft directly over
surface zero at 25,000 ft altitude; three C-54 aircraft orbiting at 20,000 ft
range at altitudes of 1500 ft, 9000 ft, and 10,000 ft; and one RB-50 aircraft
which provided vertical aerial photographic coverage of the target array before and after each shot.
For the Wahoo shot, an additional camera station was installed in the
hold of the EC-2 to record effects of a deep-water detonation on the ship's
structure.
For the Umbrella shot, in addition to the basic installations, a camera
station was installed on a barge 20,000 ft from surface zero; another camera
station was installed on Mui Island to photograph rocket firings. and a trimetrogon camera array was installed on an H-19 helicopter to photograph
wave action at two surface instrument platforms.

In addition to the major portion of the photographic effort on the five
military effects shots, a somewhat smaller effort was expended on some of
the AEC diagnostic shots. A camera station was installed to record the effects of the thermal pulse on certain materials. Several aerial photographic
surveys were accomplished of craters produced by land surface detonations;
aerial surveys were accomplished to locate strings of gages placed in the
water prior to several shots; and aerial mosaics were photographed of
Johnston Isiand and all the islands of Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls for planning
purposes.
Before the five original military effects shots had all been detonated,
two additional shots of DOD interest were added to the program:
surface bursts on the istand of Yvonne at Eniwetok Atoll. This
necessitated the establishment of two camera stations to cover the events
and the addition of some still and motion picture documentary coverage.
In all, about 66,000 ft of original 35-mm Eastman color negative film was
exposed from which a military effects motion picture film report will be
36

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