(Reprinted from the Federal Register of September 26, 1961, as corrected] exposure With respect to the RPG. For this purpose, the total dally intake of euch materials, averaced over periods of the order of a year, constitutes an appropriate criterion, The control of the {ntake by members of the general] population of radioactive materials from the environment can approprialely lnovolve many different kinds of actions. The character and import of these actions may vary widely, from those which entei] little Interference With usual activities, such as monitoring and surveillance, to those which involve a major disruption, such as condemnation of food supplies. Some control] actions may require prolonged lead times befare becoming effective. e.g.. major changes {n processing facilities or water supplies. The magnitude of contro] measures should be related to the degree of likeli- ' hood that the RPG may be exceeded. The use of a single numerical intake © value, which in part has been the practice until now, does not in many {instances provide adequate guidance for taking actions appropriate to the risk involved. For planning purposes, it is desirable _that insofar as possible contro) actions ‘to meet contingencies be known in-advance. It is recommended that: 2. The radiological health activities of Federal agencies in connection with en‘vironmental, contamination witn rawoactive materials be based, within the Limits of the agency's statutory responsibilities, on a graded series of appropriate actions related to ranges of intake of . radioactive materials by exposed popu. lation groups. In order to provide gujdanre tn tha _Beencies in adapling the g:i..deu ape proach to their own programs, tne recommendations pertaining to the _épecific radionuclides in thls memorangum consider three transient dally rates. : of intake by suitable samipies of exposed Taste Tl—Onavrp Beales or Atnon Ranges of transicnt Tale of dally Lotake Oraded scale of action ~- Range I..--..-----..- Periodic confirmatory veillance as oecessery. Raoge I........2--.. Quantitative Range II....-.-.--6- survelliance roullne control. =r and Evatuenon and application additions! cantrel sneasures a as necessary. The Counci) has also reviewed past and current activities resulting in the release of these radionuclides to the environment and has given consideration to future developments. For each of the nuclides three ranges of transient daily intake are given which correspond to the guidance contained in Recommendation 2, above. Routine contro! of useful applications of Tadiation and atomic energy should be such that expected average exposures of suitable ramples of an exposed populastion grozp will not exceed the upper value of Range If. For fodine-131 and radium-22., this value corresponds to “he RPG for the average of a suitable sample of an exposed population group. In the cases of strontium-90 and stronthom-89, the Council’s study indicated ‘that there is currently no known operational requirement for an intaké value a5 high as the one corresponding the Hi..e, & Value estimated to corisae) respond to doses to the critical organ not greater than one-third of the RPG has been used, The guidance recommended below is given in terms of transient rates of {radioactivity) intake in micromicrocu- ries per day, The upper limit of Range II {s based on on annua) RPG (or lower, in case of radicactive strontium) considered as al) acceptable risk for a lifetime. However, it Js necessary to use averages over periods much shorter than a life‘lime for both radiation dose rates and rates of, intake for administrative and Tetudators miuposes. It ts recommended lias BUC]: ‘-sriods should be of the order of cone year. It is to be noted that va)ues listed in the tables are much smaller than any single intake from which an individual might be expected to sustain Snfury, Gam501515 . Tance WI—Rannes or Trawssent Rates OF Ihtare fercnovrcrocumies Fee Dat) ron Use t® Gkabeyu BcALy or ACTIONS Bowwakrzes ix Vane ll Radionuctides Recommendations on Jia-226, I-13, Sr-90, and Sr-89. The Council has given specific consideration to. the effects on man of rates of intake of radium-226, Jjodine-131, strontiium-90 and strontium89 resulting in radiation doses equal to those specified in the appropriate RPG's. population groups. For the other radio“nuclides, the agencies can use the same -general approach, the detells-of which ° mre considered in Staff Report No. 2. The general types of action appropriate when these transient rates of intake fal! into the different ranges ere also dis. cussed In Staff Report No. 2. The purpose of these actions is to provide reason- able assurance that average rates of ‘intake by a suitable samri: « anew 4 population group, ave... sample and averaged ovei perives ¢ 6 oe of the order of one vear, do not exceed the upper value of Range II. The reneral character of these actions is suggested in the following table. Tt is recommended that: 3. (a) The following guidance on daily intake be adopted for normal! peacetime operations to be applied to the average a! sultable samples of an exposed population group: . Ranre 2 Radium-2...... Jodine—Ti] '.....-6trontium-f™7,._. Btroctium-sv,...- 0-2 o-10 Cm OAS Range 0 22x) 1-10! Wee Wr2,000 Ranee TIT aaa W-bOG zO-2.00 7, kao Lp the cose of fodine-121, the sultuble sample would forclude onty small chifaren. For aguic. the APG tor the thyrad would pot be -ercemied by rates of intuke higher by « factor of 10 thes these applicubix to smal ehildren. (b) Federa!] agencies determine concentrations of these radionuclides In alr, water, or items-of food applicable tc their particular programs whicharé consistent with the guidance contsined herein on average daily intake for the raGionuclides radium-22€, jodine-12], strontium-90, and sirontium-89. Some of the general considerations Liyolved in the derivation of concentration values from intake values are given in Stafi Report No, 2. It is recummended thet: 4. For radionuclides not considered in this report, agencies use concentration -yalues in alr, water, or items of food which are consistent with recommended Radiation Protection Guides ‘and the general guidance on Intake. In the future, the Council wil] direct attention to the development cf anprepriate radiation protection guidance Jor those radionuclides for which such consideration appears appropriate cr necesgary. In perticular, the Council w. i] study any radionuclides for which useful applications of radiation or atomic energy require release to the environment of significant amounts of these nuclides. Federal agencies are urged to Inform the Council of such situations. ABRAHAM RIBICOFF, * Chairman, Federal Radiation Council. The recommendations numbered "1" throuch “4” contained in the above memorandum are approved for the ruidance of Federal agencies, and the memorandum shall be published in the FroERAL REGISTER. | JOHN F. KEeNNEDY. SEPTEMBER 20; 1961.