W. H. ADAMS: LATE MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO RADIOACTIVE

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\ND TIME

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incidence has been viewed as evidence of improvedoverall health of some populations because it
reflects improvements in longevity. Third, in attempting to determine whether there has been an
increase in cancer deaths in the exposed Marshallese it should be noted that from 1950-1985 there
had been 5936 cancer deaths among 75,991 A-bombsurvivors. Three hundred andforty of these
(6% of the total cancer deaths) are thoughtto be attributable to the 1945 radiation exposure (21).

Table 7
Fatal cancers, exposed and unexposed groups

Rongelap/Utirik

Comparison

Ovary

Hepatoma (7)

Cervix (7)

Leukemia, acute

Uterus (?)

Cervix (7)

Leukemia, acute

Breast

Stomach

Lymphoma(?)

Hepatoma

Lung

toid following radiation

Breast

Colon (7)

*r, the thyroid-absorbed

Central nervous system

Central nervous system

Lung

ure 5 is that the time for

(7) = Diagnosis not confirmed

‘ies directly with age at

The small number of the exposed Marshallese, the smaller number of cancer deaths, and the

naturally occurring fluctuations in cancer incidence will makestatistical detection of any excess
ipply an epidemiologic
Marshall Islands medical

cancer mortality impossible in this population.
Five of 26 deaths among the 86 persons in the exposed Rongelap population have been

atolls where the exposed

recorded as due to cancer, If these diagnoses are correct, then 19% of total mortality over 36 years

erbal accounts of health

has been due to cancer. In comparison, cancer accounts for 22% of.total mortality in the U.S. In

death certificates at the

the unexposed Marshallese group examined by the medical program, eight of 63 known deaths

vailable information on

(13%) may have been due to malignant disease. The types of lethal cancers which have been

areas where health care

diagnosedare given in Table 7. [t is pertinent that the most frequently lethal cancers in the U.S. are
lung, breast, colon and leukemia/lymphoma. The frequency of different cancers induced by whole-

ncdan increase in cancer

285

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