of the generic method described by Adams (1981)
and by Leggett et al. (1984).

Strontium-90
Several models have been developed over
the years to estimate the cycling and retention
of 90Sr in the body as a function of age to
calculate age-dependent dose conversion factors
(Kulp and Schulert, 1962; Rivera, 1967; Bennett,
1973, 1977, 1978; Klusek, 1979; Papworth and

The calculation for photon emissions is more
complex because the entire energy of the photon
is not absorbed in the source organ. As the body
and organ size become smaller, a larger portion

of the energy escapes the source organ and the

relative position of the organs is significant.
Consequently, if the charged-particle-emission
concept is used for making age-dependent
adjustments for the total energy released per
transformation for a radionuclide like 137Cs
that has both charged-particle and photon

Vennart, 1973; Leggett et al., 1982).

previously used both the model developed at
EML (Rivera, 1967; Bennett, 1973, 1977, 1978;
Klusek, 1979) and that of Papworth and Vennart

(1973).

However, this

procedure can be used for 137Cs_ for a quick,

conservative approach to the relative dose from
137Cs asa function of the ageat intake.

Leggett et al. (1984) and Cristy and
Ekerman (1987a to 1987g) have calculated age-

dependent energy deposition factors (S factors)
that account for changes in deposition of photon
energy as a function of size (i.e., age). The

results are based on Monte Carlo calculations in

tee

ee

The two models give very similar

results, with the biggest difference in results
occurring for persons between ages 5 and 15 y.
Both models are empirical models based on
measurements of %9Sr in the diet and
corresponding measurements of 90r in autopsy bone samples. The retentions and turnoverrates
and discrimination factors in the models are
determined by regression analysis or equation
solution-fitting of the observed data.
No
particular correlation is made with bone

emissions, the actual dose for infants and
children will be overestimated.

We have

compartments, as outlined by the ICRP (1972,

various sizes of computer-generated phantoms;

1¢79), in the EML model, but Papworth and

the S factors are presented for newborn, 1-y-old,

Vennart's model does include the two
compartments of compact and cancellous bone.
A recent model developed by Leggett etal.

5-y-old, 10-y-old, 15-y-old males, and adult
females and adult males. Values for other ages
are obtained by linear interpolation.
We have combined the age-dependent
modifications to the ICRP model for chargedparticle emissions for the beta-particle
emissions (E = 0.51 meV) from 137Cs and the
methods of Leggett et al. (1984) and Cristy and
Ekerman (1987a to 1987g) for the photon
emission (E = 0.66 meV) associated with 137Cs
decay to generate.the final age-dependent dose
conversion factors.

(1982) is based on the structure and function of
bone compartments as generally outlined in the
ICRP model (1972, 1979). The bone is assumed to

be composed of a structural component associated
with bone volume, which includes the compact
cortical bone, a large portion of the cancellous

(trabecular) bone, and a metabolic component

associated with bone surfaces. In effect, three
compartments are then identified, two within
_ the bone volumeand one within the bone surface.

The biological half-life of 137Cs is

The bone volumeis associated with mechanical

determined as a function of mass(i.e., age) by
the methods described in the "Retention"
section.
The age-dependent energy deposition
factors and biological half-life are combined to
adjust the ICRP dosimetry methods for !37Cs_ to
an age-dependent model.

2000170

structure and integrity of the bone, and the bone

surface is involved with the metabolic
regulation of extracellular calcium. Much use is
made of general data about age-dependent bone
formation within these compartments and,
consequently, this model is not as dependent on
radionuclide-specific data as the other models. .

16

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