2. Dispatch orders to the TG 7.3 ships requiring boat movement at
designated times.
.
3. Request security personnel and material for zoning danger areas

and maintaining them over extended periods of time.
4. Install a system of communications with count-down interconnecting
firing bunkers, control tower, MP roving stations, instrumented MIDOTstations, MSQ stations and others into a centralized control agency of JTF 7,
with the code name "Alaska," all of which was not required for the operation
at Bikini.
Detailed control of the arming and firing was exercised by JTF 7,
Alaska.
The J-3 Section, TG 7.1, published weekly schedules which were forwarded to JTF 7 for approval and necessary
consisted of: (1) NOTAM safety notices, (2)
Navy boat movement from the anchorage, (4)
local safety precautions, and (5) siren alert

that a firing was about to be conducted.
3.7

support action. This action
air traffic control alerts, (3)
MP stations being manned for
signals to the local population

:

EVACUATION, RECOVERY, AND RE-ENTRY PLANNING

Planning for this aspect of the operation took place in three phases.
1.
Early in 1957 the basic concepts and general plans of evacuation
were determined. Based upon this, requirements for ships, boats, and air~

craft were determined and submitted to JTF 7.

2.
Later, as projects began to submit their monthly status reports, more
detailed information was compiled in the J-3 Section of the Task Group.

This was published early in February 1958 in an abbreviated form in the two

atoll event booklets as appendixes to the Task Group Operation Plan 1-58.

3. Final detailed planning took place at the Proving Ground, when each
task unit, one to two weeks before each shot, submitted its project's evacuation and re-entry cards to the J-3 Section on Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls.
.With these data a detailed check list, arranged chronologically, was prepared
for each shot and given wide distribution to other Task Groups so that ade-

quate support could be scheduled.
Although evacuation and re-entry. problems for Hardtack were similar
to those encountered during Redwing, rocket sampling of the radioactive
clouds added a new recovery problem. Nose cones were designed to pass
through the clouds and parachute to earth. Their points of impact varied
with their trajectories, so that sometimes they landed in the lagoons, but

more often several milesat sea.
Two nose cone recovery tests were conducted; one at Salton Sea and
the other off the Southern California coast.
The evacuation and re-entry operation at Johnston Island had none of

the complexities that were present at Bikini Atoll, since it involved a simple
direct evacuation and re-entry from a single camp to the ships at anchorage.
A most important problem arose, however, in determining the loading

technique to be used in rough waters at the ship's anchorage.

Prior to the

Teak event various methods such as loading platforms and loading nets were

tried, all of which proved unsatisfactory.

Finally, it was decided to build a

loading cage. This railed platform was approximately 10 by 10 ft with a
protective roof. It was capable of lifting 40 to 50 people at one time, but
was limited to 35 for safety reasons. A single lifting lug was welded at the
93

AFWL/HO

FR

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