26 showed enlargementof the proximal anddistal interphalangealjoints and ulnar deviation ofthe hand. No rhuematoid nodules were present. The x-ray changes were consistent with a diagnosis of Table 18 Results of Bentonite Flocculation Test No. in Age,yr agegroup osteoarthritis of the hands, but there was no evi- BFT titer 0 “4% % Ye 42 + hse Males 0O- 9 14 9 3 24 Zi 40-49 30-59 >60 13 11 11 12 9 9 2 1 - 99 84 9 4 12 8 20-29 30-39 Total 17 9 15 9 3 2 10-19 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - 4, Unusual Skeletal Findings ~ - - ~ =O 0 2 1 - - _ ~ - 1 _ = As noted previously, hand and wrist x-rays had shown congenital hypoplasia of the middle phalanx in some children. The same condition was noted in someofthe adults (Figure 12). The middle phalanx of the fifth finger was shortened and slightly broadened. This was found both unilater- 1 1 - Females 0- 9 2 |] 10-19 13 10 - 2 20-29 30-39 18 12 [4 [1 1 3 - - 30-59 >60 8 16 7 11 I 2 ~ l 2 - - _ . 85 66 6 7 5 0 0 l - 40.49 Total 6 5 -lCU- I CO - - _ . dence for rheumatoid arthritis. The BFT was negative. This is probably a case of osteoarthritis, but rheumatoid arthritis cannot be completely ruled out. _ - ally and bilaterally and was occasionally associ- ated with lengtheningof the uina. Twenty subjects showed definite changes, and some additional ones had only moderate shortening of the phalanx. DENTAL SURVEY Majuro Children 2. Rheumatoid Factor in Sera The prevalence ofsera positive for “rheumatoid factor” by the bentonite flocculation test (BFT) is shown in Table 18. Individual data arelisted in Appendix 6 according to age and sex. Thetotal prevalence of positive sera is not greatly different from that reported for white American populations. There was no apparentdifference in arthritis incidence between the exposed and unexposed groups. Three individuals, all in the unexposed group,haddefinitely positive sera (Tabie 19), but with no evidence ofjoint disease. One (£953) had bronchial asthmaandprostatic hypertrophy, but these findings, since they were common in the population, were probably coincidental. There is no apparentexplanation for the presence of rheumatoid factor in these individuals. 3. Clinical Evidence of Arthritis A 59-year-old male (#878) had someclinical findings compatible with rheumatoid arthritis. He had complainedof pain and swelling in his hands, wrists, and knees for 5 to 10 years, but with no limitation of function. Physical examination Thirty Majuro children were examined. rang- ing in age from 2 to 13 vears andselected at ran- dom. Widespread caries were present in 73°: of the children <2 12 vears old. Manyerupting permanent teeth showed retained root fragments in the adjacent gingival crevice. Although the oral hygiene could be rated fair to good, the incidence of caries remained high. Bunchingof the lower incisors was a common finding in males and females in the 7 to 9-year age group. Eruption time of the bicuspids appeared advanced, possibly because of prematureloss of the deciduous molars. All the children in this age group showedsigns of retarded jaw development in comparison with children in the continental United States. Rongelap Children No significant difference was foundin caries incidence, eruption time, and morphology of the teeth, or growthof the jaws, between the exposed and the unexposed children. In both groups about 20% showed retarded jaw development which had resulted in narrowing of the arches plus bunching of the lower anterior teeth. The Rongelap children had a much lowerincidence of caries than