Where

the cucves

become congruent, aC

the curve, each cell has

recelved a

summation of eneryzy censtties
then

it is clear

Che uppec high-expesurs fart

larzse number of hits.

from these multiple hies

that even though

the

if one

tie “cell

in size,

and smaller.

There

{s

.
then no reason to eviluate separatel: the

each discrete

Hit.

It

is adequate,

high-expesure

regions,

practical purposes,

tne vartunce of

cose™,

tre rein «fll tecome

for practical ceasons,

the mean dose.

the cell dose anc

ftdentical.

Staller
cisx foe

siuply

to «use

Ta other words, in tnrese

the organ dose ace, for sal

Then, and most iaportantly, one cana

characterize and predict the probability of 2 biological response
cell population, or in

the organ itself,

the absorbed dose D to

Che organ.

However,
splits

as one goes low2r in exposure,

even though

in the

in terms of a singie parameter,

{it is seen

into independent components, Zz and Rue

value of Z,

the

indiviaual “lets constituting that

“dose” vary ywreatly

the summed energy density as

calls

the variance is

that the exocsure

note that tne expectation

large,

remains constant, so treet

the only cellular parameter that can increase with increasizg exposure ts
the Ry or the number of hit sizes
dose
the

per exposed cell.

Thus, «ith &LE

to cells and oryvans alike can iner2ase because of multiple hits, and
one variable,

However,

D,

with LLE,
ae

increases;
Note

it

ec

{is

adequate

neither
.

fs oly

that while LLB has

predict a

dose

tye

the anuaber

only a small fraction of
exposure,

the

to

to

fan

of

the

response

cells

1.

<

calls dosed

its counterpart

aor
na

in

tne
aw

ixic cin

the

indiviczal.

reaa dose
we
:
tirease

in sacro accicents, and inat

the exposed pooulation is hit with increasinz

there is 20 analogue, with macro accidents, of HLZ exposure.

reasoas for

this ts

accident rate

that,

for practical and ethical reasons, if

other hand,

w=
The

the

in given population increases above a very srall fractisn per

year, even drastic action is likely to be taken.

With radiation,

the accident rate can be increased at will,

course of minutes,

seconds, or less.

It {s only because of this

which may permit interactions between the hits,
seen only with high-level exposure of cells

15

on the

so tnat any 6
given

cell can readily be exposed to dozens or more severe accideats,

Sooub

.

ia tre
‘fact,

that the “quadratic” term,

to ionizing radiation, exists.

Select target paragraph3