Contents INtrOGuction. ccc sccc cence nrc cs ecccocceterescvscesecs L Historical Resumes... .. ccc ccc eee newer ccc ccnererees§ 8 2.1 Nuclear Test Series in the Marahall Islands...... 8 2.2 Early Environmental Studies......ccenccrererecees 8 2.3 Accidental Contamination from 1954 Thermonuclear TeSt...cccnceserceccsscetesseccenese FG 2.31 Japanese SUrveyS....cercraeecscscccccces 2.32 Operation Troll... cc cer cccccneccceseae LO 2.4 University of Washington Surveyd......cseceeeeeee FY ll 2.41 Walton and Marsh surveys, 1956.......... il 2.42 Rongelap surveyS...ccccecensese ecaeensoee LL Review of Literature... .. ccc ccc w ecw creer ene encescess 14 3.1 Geochemistry of Trace Elements in Sea Water...... 14 3.1L Composition... ccccccscccessesenssesscess Ld 3.12 Physical state... ..cccevecccccccceesses LS 3.13 Impoverishment of trace elements in the SCA. cer eicvvseseveaeseneerseseesasses 18 3.131 Scavenging by inorganic hydrosols............ 19 3.132 Concentration in biological BSYBCEMB. . cere csr ecrsccerceens 21 3.2 The Biological Significance of Trace Metals...... 24 3.21 Heavy metals in general......scceccseees 24 3.22 ZINC. cee cvcravesecevresvvesvasevess enor ee 27

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