RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF CISTERN WATER
AND GROUNDWATER AT THE MARSHALL ISLANDS

ABSTRACT
A radiological
1978

to determine

marine

survey

was

conducted

from September

the concentrations of radionuclides

environments

of

Ll

atolls

and

2

Islands,

islands

through November of

in the terrestrial and

in

the

Northern

¥

More

than

70

cistern

and

groundwater

samples

were

collected

atolls; the volume of each sample was between 55 and 100 1.
of

705,

Marshall

in

fallout

cistern

in

wet

water

at

most

deposition.

atolls

Except

concentrations

in cistern water are

concentration

from

everywhere

less

wet

that

for

Bikini

The

the

The concentration

expected
and

in agreement with

deposition.

than the predicted

is

at

from world-wide
Rongelap,

1370,

the average predicted

239+ 240),

concentrations

fallout concentrations except

at

are

Rongelap,

Ailinginae, and Bikini where the measured and predicted concentrations are in
general agreement.
During

the

period

sampled,

most

groundwater

concentrations

were everywhere higher than the concentrations in cistern water.
concentrations of 206, exceeded
and

Ailuk

Ujelang.

but

were

lower

the

than

levels

the

in cisterns

cistern

levels

of

Groundwater

at Rongelap,

at

Utirik,

13766
Likiep,

Wotho,

and

Concentrations of the transuranics in filtered groundwater solution

were everywhere comparable to or less than the concentrations in cistern water.
However,
detected
was a
well

it is difficult to assess the significance of the radionuclides

in groundwater at

simple hole
liners

did

radionuclides

runoff,

and

Therefore,

in

in

not
the

other
the

the different

the ground
extend
water

activity

be

the

of

period may not necessarily reflect

ground

affected

transporting

concentrations

On many

lined with wood,

above

will

atolls.

surface.

by wind,

contaminated

radionuclides
the

metal,

islands,

or concrete.

Most

Concentrations

human

debris

detected

the well

traffic,

into

during

of

surface

the

any

pit.

single

long-term average concentrations or the

concentrations that might be observed if a lined well were extended above the
surface.

Select target paragraph3