Chapter 3 RESULTS 3.1 DATA PRESENTATION The data has been reduced and appears in comprehensive tables (Appendix B) that summarize certain kinds of information for all shots and stations. The text itself contains only derived results. In general, the details of calculations, such as those involved in reducing gross gamma spectra to absolute photon intensities or in arriving at R-values, have not been included. Instead, original data and final results are given, together with explanations of how the latter were ob- tained and with references to reports containing detailed calculations. Results for the water-surface Shots Flathead and Navajo, and the land-surface and near-landsurface Shots Zuni and Tewa, are presented in four categories: fallout-buildup characteristics (Section 3.2); physical, chemical, and radiochemical characteristics of the contaminated material (Section 3.3); its radionuclide composition and radiation characteristics (Section 3.4); and correlations of results (Section 4.3). Appendix B contains all reduced data for these shots separated into three types: that pertaining to the buildup phase (Section B.1); information on phy- sical, chemical, and radiological properties (Section B.2); and data used for correlation studies (Section B.3). Measurements and results for Shot Cherokee, an air burst during which verylittle fallout occurred, are summarized in Section 4.1. Unreduced data are presented in Section B.4. Each of the composite plots of TIR readings and IC tray activities presented in the section on buildup characteristics may be thought of as constituting a general description of the surface radiological event which occurred at that station. In this sense the information needed to com-. plete the picture is provided by the remainder of the section on particle-size variation with time and mass-arrival rate, as well as by the following sections on the activity deposited per unit area, the particulate properties of the contaminated material, its chemical and radiochemical composition, and the nature of its beta- and gamma-ray emissions. Penetration rates and ac- tivity profiles in the ocean extend the description to subsurface conditions at the YAG locations. The radiological event that took place at any major station may be reconstructed in as much detail as desired by using Figures 3.1 through 3.4 as a guide and referring to the samples from that station for the results of interest. Each sample is identified by station, collector, and shot in all tables and figures of results, and the alphabetical and numerical designations assigned to all major array collectors are summarized in Figure A.1. Throughout the treatment which follows, emphasis has been placed on the use of quantities such as fissions per gram and R®”? values, whose variations show fundamental differences in fallout properties. In addition, radiation characteristics have been expressed in terms of unit fissions wherever possible. Asa result, bias effects are separated, certain conclusions are made evident, and a numberof correlations become possible. in Sections 3.3, 3.4, and 4.3. 3.2 Some of the latter are presented BUILDUP CHARACTERISTICS 3.2.1 Rate of Arrival. Reduced and corrected records of the ionization rates measured by one TIR and the sample activities determined from one IC at each major array station are plot- ted against time since detonation (TSD) in Figures 3.1 through 3.4 for Shots Flathead, Navajo, 42