6 I would suggest a pilot study of the vital statistics of Nevada and Utah. Such a study would review the vital statistics records for radiation related entities, and plot their incidence for the period between 1940 and the present. Such a study should not take more than one man-year. The study should be done in cooperation with the State Health Officers and Regional Representatives. Birth weights and congenital anomalies would be recorded from birth certificates; death certificates should indicate cause of death and also indicate neonatal deaths. The increase in non-fatal radiation related disease entities can not be determined through use of health department birth and death records. The Cancer Registry in Reno, for a nominal fee, would be able to retrieve pertinent information from their files. Several papers at the Ninth Annual Biology Symposium (May 5-8, 1969) had some bearing on the Sternglass paper. Several discussants found many defects in the conduct and interpretation of the Troy-Albany aspect of the Sternglass paper. Greim (5) reported on a study where over 1,000 children were irradiated in utero (1.5 to 3.0 rads via X-ray pelvimetry) in 1948 and the incidence of abnormalities and leukemia were compared with a similar, but non-irradiated group from 1947 and 1949. At 15 and 20 years after irradiation there were no increases in leukemia. There were increases in hemangiomas and certain other diseases associated with the heart and blood vessels. Greim intends to follow the offspring of these children who were irradiated in utero. Animal studies reported (10) from Davis, California, showed that beagle dogs on a chronic 9°Sr diet developed leukemia, rather than the expected bone tumors. Nilsson (Sweden) reported (11) that 30Sr has a strong affinity for the testes, and produces a stronger aspermatogonia effect than does an equivalent dosage of x rays. This report may give some support to the theories of Dr. Sternglass. Other reports that might lend support to the theories of Dr. Sternglass have been questioned. Gentry (New York) (12) reported a correlation between increased congenital abnormalities and increased "background" radia- tion. This study is quite doubtful in its conduct and conclusions, and very few currently accept his conclusions. Solon (1960) (3) compared infant mortality rates, birth weights and other parameters between the Mid-West (Indiana, etc.) and the Mountain States (Colorado, Wyoming) where there is a gradient of 50-60 mr over the nine months of fetal life. His conclusion was that although the difference in