the preferred
It appears at this point, however, that Universal Kriging may be

of contours
method since in theory it should yield more accurate estimates
are satisfied.
than any other approach, at least when underlying assumptions
not available
Also, as mentioned above, it provides estimates of variability
using any other method.

SUMMARY

the
In the first part of this paper, we have attempted an initial synthesis of
on
57)
(Project
13
Area
from
available
currently
data
tion
239,240p,, concentra
the Nevada Test Site for soil, vegetation, small mammals, and grazing cattle.
For the most part, this synthesis has consisted of simple visual comparisons
between different trophic levels by plotting all the data on a single graph.
The soil and vegetation data are seen to be highly variable within strata, but
This large
with strata means increasing with increasing proximity to GZ.
There is a
ons.
concentrati
tissue
mammal
small
in
exists
also
variability
lack of correlation between rodent concentrations and concentrations in the
soil where animals live, due perhaps in part to the mobility of rodents.

239,240py concentrations in cattle tissue are also plotted and compared with

These comparisons are hampered by the small number of
other tropic levels.
cattle tissue samples available for statistical analysis.
The lowest and
highest concentrations were found in muscle and hide and hair, respectively,
with lung concentrations falling between these extremes.
The single cow
grazed in the inner compound (enclosing the GZ area) had concentrations higher
than the average for the three cattle grazed in the outer compound for hair
and hide, tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes, lung, muscle, and backbone.
Equal or
lower concentrations were indicated for hide, rumen sediment, red blood cells,
femur, and blood serum.
Again, we stress the need for more data, particularly
for the inner compound, to increase our confidence in these initial comparisons.
The concentrations in lungs of the Area 13 cattle are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude
greater than for cattle grazed in a control area

(Searchlight, Nevada).

As

for muscle, there are no apparent differences between the outer-compound
cattle in Area 13 and the control herd.
The muscle data from the one cow
grazed in the inner compound suggest a possible elevation of about one order
of magnitude above the control herd for that tissue.
Observed muscle 239, 24°py concentrations in Area 13 cattle were compared with
hypothetical concentrations obtained using Martin and Bloom's plutonium transport

and dose estimation model.

Their model gave estimates from 2 to 4 times

larger than actually observed, suggesting, perhaps, that their model as presently
constituted may yield conservative estimates for cattle.
Hypothetical human
concentrations were also obtained in Area 13 for residence times equal to
cattle grazing times before sacrifice.
The hypothetical values for human lung

and bone were factors of 5 and 8 less than obtained for the single cow in the
inner compound.

Hypothetical concentrations are also obtained for residence

times of 180 days, 720 days, and 55 years for an estimated "maximum permissible
concentration" of 3 nCi/g dry of 739,249py in soil.

269

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