induced activides (Fe, 3758Co, HMn, ACs. Hp E 7 7.8Nb, andRu iRh), Radiclyical ananmecnt has included surveys for gamma radiatienJevels on the islands; radiochemical studies of wil profiles, lagoon bottoms, marine life, plants, aniinal life (e.g., rats, coconut crabs), food items, and urine sunples; and ganna spectrographic analysis of internally deposited gamma conitiers in peu: nel. The medical team has been responsible since 1009 for monitoring the beady burdens ofthe people returning to Bikind, as well asofthe Marshallese ex. poseabto fallout aod Cheir controls, and more re cently alse of the people returning to Eniwetuk, Vhe 1977 studies of environmental radiation on Ronyelap, Ciik, and bikini are beiny published separately, Ue Uneul 1965 gamma spectroscopy was done in a 2) -ton steel chamber built at BNL for shielding, with additional housing foc the counting equipment (Figure 54). Mhe subject to be counted took a soap and water shower, pul on paper pajamas, and then stayed in the chamber for about 15 min, during which soft music was piped in, Only a few stnall children were apprehensive during the proevdaure. More reccutly whole-body counting has been done with a smaller “shadow-shield” are rangement of bead bricks, a modification of the Hantord model" (Figure 34). [a L974 spectros £ t ¥ rT ¥ ——— v Er 3 MD Activity (onants: 14 min) - aso : a Kongelap male SMe trast he law Foo ‘am h~ . A s oy eoy N ‘ Af vy! ‘ "We are indebted to Mr. Edward P. Hardy, Je., Director, Ene vinmamental Studies Divuion, AEC Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, N.Y, for carrying out she radiochemical analy ece. Table W Radionuclides in Coconut Crabs From Rongelap Cs, pCi‘kg * IW SOIT (SOME, 45,518; 758 (BOS: 028; 700) 105 lth 1o72 12,706 7.7975 (8,540; 7,010) 3.900 (5,000; 6,100: 724 705 (910; 500) $95 (376; 449; 359; 12,900° 93.4" “4 ' Th | et eeL. (nt LAb WSr, pCi,’g Ca 1Moh 9c? > ws Year 1,140 L224 (1,317; 1,086; 66,234) ! . met Fawrev pMeVy Figure $5. Gamma spectra obtained by whole-body counting, males, 174 (—, Rongelap; ---, WNL meii- cal want), ples from a number of people have been made for radiochemical analysis. The results of radiochemical analyses of urine, water, and crabs over the past 5 years are summarized in Vables 37 to 40; the results of individual urinalyses are given in Appendix 12.* By 1974 the only detectable gamma emitter was TCs; ius levels are given for Rongelap, Utirik. and Bikini individuals in Appendix 12 and for groups in Table 41. Since the return to Rongelap, no differences have been seen between expused and unexposed groups. Figures 56 and 37 show the estimated body burdens of gamma cmitiers and “Sr for the Rongclap people at various times after the initial exposure in 1954. After their return ta Rongelap the body burdens increased, 8Zn was present for a few years, apparentlyfrom fish in the dict; the reason for its rapid decrease was not immediately apparent but maybe related to movements of marine life in and out of the lagoon. Small amounts of ®Co were identified in personnel during the carly years after the return (the highest concentration was in clams). Sr body burdens reached their highest level during 1962 to 1965 at about $2 nCi ]3 4 j fab o 55}, "67.168 Annual collections of 24-hr urine sam- |3 4 DN we — the lowlevels present in the people (sce Figure wees HNL. inedical teain 3 . . graphs showed a characteristic peak for 43'Cs and “Zn, but “Co was barely discernible, if at all, at 1973 1974 HUW: 5,100) 37,005 (64,700: 9440)" 6,600 (5,000; 8,200) 4,B00* Wats. $378) 259) 3.950 (6,039; 1,267)* 448 (290: 606) we *From northern islands of Rongelap Atoll, where raciation dose was much higher, "eeeme ee _—e,