Control was established by placing brass-capped concrete monuments

about six inches below the ground surface on axes radial and normal to
ground zero.

These monuments were then tied in to the local plane coor-

dinate system. Locations for the points were laid out roughly; drive-it
pins or drill holes were placed in the structures and then located in

three planes by the use of a transit and tape and an engineer's level.
During the pre-blast survey, considerable difficulty was experienced be-

cause of construction equipment, wind , and dust.

As the work progressed,

however, the men became more proficient in working with equipment and under
conditions not usually associated with surveying. All work was completed
prior to "E" day, including extra points requested by the Users.
The second phase of the work was started as soon as radiologically
possible after "E" day. All momuments and bench marks were checked by
re-establishing their position with respect to one another. All avail-

able men were used on this re-survey, and the work was completed on the

last working day prior to "G" day. Because of lack of time, it was not
feasible to re-establish the precise chaining bucks for a further check
of the control monuments; however, within their own system there was no
observed movement of the monuments either vertical or horizontal.

The results of the two surveys were assembled in tabular form and
the differences in location of each point were obtained. It should be
noted that while the notes indicate differences to 0.001 feet, it is
believed that the accuracy of the survey does not exceed plus or nimis
0.01 feet.
The azimuths and distances of each station built on the experiment
islandsare shown in Appendix C of this report.
SURVEY RECORDS
In setting up survey procedure, one objective was to provide permanent horizontal and vertical control which could be recovered for
future surveys and make possible the avoidance of duplication of effort,
All primary control points were set up as concrete monuments with an

established elevation.

When practical, reference monuments were set at

these locations, Local control on the experiment islands consisted of
concrete monuments whose interrelation was determined. Most of these
monuments can be considered permanent or replaceable from other remaining
monunents.

Field notes were kept in duplicating field books and are available
covering all field surveys. Maps were made from these notes, showing

the horizontal and vertical control layout for each location.

Records

of the primary horizontal control survey were made up on transparancies
in order that duplicate copies could be prepared as required.

PERSONNEL
The survey personnel in the original group arriving at the Jobsite
in’ February 1949 consisted of a department head and one instrumentman,

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