3.2.3

Individual Results.

Tables 3.10 through 3.23 sumzsrize re-

sults for all six shots. Close-in sampling results are presented in
Tables 3.10 through 3.21, and LRD sampling results in Tables 3.22 and

3.23.

All individual isotope concentrations are expressed as atoms per

equivalent mole air. For the close~in sampling, quantities of any
specific gas show concentrations which are normally well above back-

ground. The LRD sample results are not sufficiently higher than background in most cases to justify the validity of the computed ratios or
any conclusions which are reached therefrom. A great deal of the LRD
sample data has been omitted wherein isotopic concentrations were at
background level. As presented in the tables, sample numbers indicate
the type and collection method of the particular sample. The sample
Code FQ refers to Squeegee samples collected by the F-84G, BQ the
Squeegee samples collected from the B-36, and SS the F-84G snap sample
collections.

Calculated fissions in any one sample are based on the yield of the

85 fission product.

The Castle series is estimated to have yielded

0.22 percent of this gaseous isotope per fission.

3.2.4 Atom and Other Ratios. In order to correlate quantities of
a particular isotopes present in a sample, atom ratios have been taken
and are shown in Tables 3.16 through 3.21, and 3.23. Ratios were also

taken between the induced activities A?’ and C4,

This ratio has been cal-

culated to be approximately 1.4 x 104 (Reference 9).

Ratios relating the

activities of H® and C0! with respect to fissions have also been taken
with view towards a correlation with the excess neutrons released by the
Castle type of nuclear explosions.

A calculation of the tritium residue of each shot has been made
wherever possible as determined by the H?/f ratio within each particular
sample. These calculations are based on total fission estimates by the

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL).

In all cases, the individual results represent gross-activity meas~
urements; the backgrounds reported in Section 3.2.2 were subtracted,

where significant, when computing these ratios.

322-5

Operation of the Squeegee Sampler.

Castle was the first

full-scale operational testing of the small-size, high-pressure Squeegee,

although sufficient experimentation had been accomplished during Upshot ~

Knothole to indicate that this method was successful. This method proved
ideal for ease of removal of sample from contaminated aircraft and han~

dling enroute to processing laboratory. During the Castle tests, the
main malfunctions of the system consisted of: (1) high-pressure leaks
from fittings and connections resulting in the loss of certain samples,
(2) compressor difficulties, and (3) faulty check-valve operation due to
freeze up at high altitudes, resulting in either loss of sample or no
collection being made. These defects were corrected, as Castle tests
progressed, with improved operational procedures and maintenance. Of

all Squeegee flights during Castle, 68 percent resulted in successful

missions and 18 percent were only partially successful in sample col-

lection; 14 percent of the missions failed.
31

The size of most go °D l

fs 22 they 3S

ted

Select target paragraph3