-4-
20, No Soviet weapons tests series has been publicly announced by the
No description of the
3oviet Government in advance of its occurrence,
effects of tests useful to a program for the protection of civil populations
has been made available by the Soviets.
21, The United states long-range monitoring program employs a variety
of systems whichin the interest of national defense have not been described
and being intelligence operations, should remain classified.
22. While the system of long-range detection or monitoring is believed to
be as effective as it can be made in the present state of scientific knowledge,
it cannot insure the detection of every test irrespective of size, location,
or type and composition of the weapon tested,
23.
<A determination as to size and nuclear character of detected weapons
cannot be reached immediately upon detection, nor for several weeks and
occasionally months thereafter,
This is particularly true with respect to
the larger, more complicated thermonuclear devices,
24, Our evaluation of nuclear weapons tests made by other countries has
been dependent upon the calibration afforded by our own tests of weapons
of known characteristics,
IV.
THE PROGRAM FOR THE PEACEFUL USE£3 Of ATOMIC ENERGYE3
(ATOMS-FOR-PEACE) AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THe
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
25,
When the Administration of President Eisenhower took office, it
inherited a disarmament stalemate and an atomic arms race, both of which
sternmed largely from the repeated rejections by the U352 of the Baruch
proposals of 1946-47 for putting all atomic energy under international control,
26,
As a result of the President's consideration of this problem, the idea
for the Atoms-for-Peace program was evolved and presented to the world in
the speech on December 8, 1953, which the President made to the General
REPRODUCED AT THE DWIGHT, D.
EISENHOWER LIBRARY
he
Assembly of the United Nations,
This speech pictured the holocaust of an
_ atomic war, the blessings of an atomic peace, and proposed an international
agency to which the powers possessing atomic materials would begin and
continue to make contributions of such materials for peaceful uses,
-7, Worldwide acclaim of President cisenhower's proposal made it difficult
tor the Soviets to succeed in their efforts to sabotage it as they had the
.Paruch plan,
_-8,
During the protracted negotiations following the speech, the United
itates took a number of affirmative steps without awaiting establishment
of the Agency.
(a)
Upon recommendation of President Zisenhower, the Atomic
Energy Act was rewritten by the Congress in 1954 in order ta
permit international cooperation, as a result of which
agreements have been entered into with 37 nations, providing
for the exchange of information on the peaceful uses of atomic
energy to build research reactors and power reactors, Scores
of students from friendly countries have been trained in
technical schools set up by the Atomic Energy Commission.
In addition, we have presented Atomic Energy. libraries to
45 friendly nations,
more