of urine activity concentration variability, there was a 60% probability that
the male value for Ke would be different from the female value by the factor
observed.

Thus differences in the derived activity ingestion rates and dose

equivalents were not significant.
Figure 14 shows a semi-log plot of the 6575 and 1376, activity ingestion
rate histories for adults on Rongelap.

A curve was drawn between points, and

the appearance of an increasing 1376, ingestion rate during the 1960's indicated

the possibility of another contaminating event.

The Hardtack Phase I series was

conducted just prior to the observed increase in the curve and fallout from the
Cactus, Yellow Wood, and Hickory experiments detonated at Bikini and Enewetak
would have reached Rongelap.

However, several observations fail to support the

conclusion that recontamination was significant.

These are as follows:

1) the

increase in 137 Cs ingestion rate was not in conjunction with an increase of

65

Zn; however, since 6575 is an activation product it may have not been produced

in the same proportions.

2) The peak 13704 body burden at Utirik occurred

nearly three years after the initiating event, Castle BRAVO, while the peak body
burden at Rongelap followed six years after the potentially contaminating experiments of the Hardtack series in 1958.

3) The activity ingestion rate at Utirik

demonstrated a continuously declining pattern versus the humped pattern observed
at Rongelap.

This occurred even though there was an equal external exposure

rate history following the Hardtack series as measured by the U.S. Public Health

Service on both Rongelap and Utirik (Un59).

4) The peak exposure rate on

Rongelap following the Hardtack series was 10,000 times less than the peak exposure rate following BRAVO.

These facts suggest that the Hardtack series was not

a major factor influencing the Rongelap body burden patterns.

Thus it is

postulated that body burden variations were caused by travel away from the atoll
29

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