24 EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Tue CuinicaL Finpincs in a population acci- dentally irradiated by fallout material from a nuclear device has been presented. The more seriously irradiated individuals had initial symptomsof anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea which subsided without treatment within 2 days. The same individuals slowly developed granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia unassociated with secondary complications. The only other manifestations of radiation exposure observed were skin lesions and epilation, described in detailin Chapter III. The incidence of infectious and noninfectious disease in the more severely exposed groups was no greater than that in the least exposed group. If, after irradiation, the platelets and leukocytes fall in « manner and to a degree similar to that observed here, it can be predicted that no hemorvhage or increased susceptibility to diseases similar to those observed in this study will occur and that no special prophylactric measures will 3 ern co be indicated. The use of prophylactic measures, however, should be evaluated in terms of existing conditions. With the degree of hemopoietic suppression observed there is a possibility of increased susceptibility to more virulent pathogens than were present in this incident. co References Summary and Conclusions . Dunham, C. L., Cronkite, E. P., LeRoy, G. V.. and Warren, 8. Atomic Bomb Injury, J. A. VM. A. 147, 50-54, 1951. . Cronkite. E. P. The Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Radiation Injury Produced by Atomic Bombs. Radiology 56, 661-669, 1951. . Bond, V. P., Silverman, M. S.,.and Cronkite, E. P. Pathogenesis and Pathology of Post-Irradiation Infection. Rad., Research 1; 389-400, 1954. . Allen, J. G., Moulder, P. V., and Emerson, D. M., i] 2.9 J. A.M. A, 145, 704-711, 1951. . Coulter, M. P., and Miller, R. W. Treatment with Successive Antibiotics on Dogs Exposed to Total Body X-Irradiation. University of Rochester A. EE. C. project report UR-276, 1953. . Cronkite, BE. P., and Brecher, G. Protective Effect of Granulocytes in Radiation Injury. Ann. N. Y. Acad. of Sci. 59. 815-833, 1955. . Barrow, J., and Tullis, J. L. The Sequence of Cellular Responses to Injury in Mice Exposed to 1100r of Total Body X-Radiation. AdjfA Arch. Path. 33: 391-407, 1952. . Brecher, G., and Cronkite, E. P. Lesion of Alimentary: Tract of Dogs Exposed to 300-3000r Whole Body X-ray. Amer. J. Path. 27, 676-677, 1951. . Cronkite, E. P., and Brecher, G. Effects of Whole Body Radiation. Ann. Rev. Med. 3, 1938-214, 1952. 10. Bond, V. P., Conard, R. A.. Robertson, J. S. and Weden, E. The Six-Month Postexposure Survey on Marshallese Exposed to Fallout Radiation. In press. 11. Cronkite, E. P., Dunham, C. L., Griffin, David, McPherson, S. D., and Woodward, K. T. Twelvemonth Postexposure Survey on Marshallese Exposed to Fallout Radiation. Brookhaven National Laboratory report, to be published. 1955,