e 3°
has been projected, varying in yields from a few hundred kilotons to about

1-1/2 megatons, and in altitudes from 20 kilometers to above 400 kilometer.

However, practical considerations with respect to development of instrumentation
techniques and related preparations make it unrealistic to plan for more than
two of these shots in the short time available. Category two is that of advanced
concepts for improving weapon effectiveness and decreasing warhead vulnerability, and these cover a wide range of possible design changes, etc. The
third category noted includes tests that combine both developmental and
weapons verification objectives. As to the designs that might be tested under
this category the letter states "it is important that these designs be subject
to experimental verification not nnly to give confidence as to the effectiveness
of devices stockpiled as weapons but also, importantly to enable the laboratories to use the information so obtained as a basis for more advanced steps
into new weapons technology.
In addition to addressing the general categories
and justification for the different types of tests which are desired for
atmospheric conduct, the letter gives some specific justifications for the
need for atmospheric testing including the problems inherent in solely underground testing, the great advances and the large data base that the Russians
are building up in their accelerated atmospheric program, and specific
military areas which can best be addressed only by atmospheric testing and
are so very important to the nation's military defense strategy.
In addition
to noting the engineering problems with doing testing underground and the
slowness with which such testing goes a strong point is made about the
relative capability for diagnostic instrumentation with underground versus
atmospheric testing. Further the question of an overseas test site is
addressed and Eniwetok with its political difficulties versus the use of
Christmas Island with the as yet wncertain availability are noted and it is
stated that tests could be done by air drops probably staged from Hawaii
with limited instrumentation on some small island such as Johnston which
is at present being pursued but which is not as desirable as having a large
island test base. Further it is stated that a special requirement exists
in connection with the rocket lifted test shot for which Johnston Island
is the most logical launch point because of the available facilities. He
further addresses the question of outer space testing and states that because
of the projected cost of an initial 100 million dollars over a two-year
period to develop such a capability that such a capability is not being
considered for the planned program.
In the area of fallout and political
implications of nuclear yield it is stated that a total yield of approximately
21 megaton of which abovt 8 megaton would be fission yield is projected for
the planned series of
events as compared to the approximately 120 megatens
of yield already totaled during the recent Soviet tests. Part of the summary
of the cover letter reads as follows:
''In addition to provisions for flexibility,
current planning should provide for preparation for a second test series, about
a year later, looking to more dramatic advances than are possible in an early
time frame.
In fact, it is essential to plan for a second series in order to
accomplish the very important effects tests that could not be included in the
early time scale.
In looking at what test devices can be made available in
the April to July period, it is apparent that we are suffering to some extent
from the three-year test moratorium. During that period while the United
States was negotiating in good faith, the bulk of our nuclear weapon design

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