Journal Announcement: NSA14 Document Type: Book Analytic Language: English A unique opportunity for the study of the internal radiation hazard associated with the contamination of an inhabited land mass by local fall-out was afforded when several of the Marshall Islands were accidently contaminated to varying degrees as a consequence of the nuclear detonation of March 1. 1954. Two hundred and thirty-nine Marshallese persons were exposed to levels of gamma radiation ranging from 14 r on Utirik to 175 r on Rongelap. The inhabitants of Rongelap and Utirik were also subjected to an acute inhalation and ingestion exposure during the 48-hr period that elapsed prior to evacuation. Initial body burdens of internal emitters were estimated from analysis of urine and also from data obtained on animals simultaneously exposed. These data indicate that the acute hazard from the internal emitters was very small as compared to the concomitant external dose. Medical surveys have been made yearly during the five-year pericd since the accident in order to follow up the recovery progress of the exposed people. The most comprehensive studies were made at the end of one and two years following the accident. Data were obtained on the residual activity in soil and on the uptake and retention of fall-out material by plaats and land and marine animals. These data form the basis for an estimate of the radiation hazard associated with both acute and chronic exposure to local fall-out. During the early period of time following the contaminating accident Sr/sup 89/, Ba/sup 140/, I/sup 131/ the short-lived iodine isotopes, and some of the rare-earth elements contributed the major portion of the internal dose. After the first year, Sr/sup 90/ contributed the greatest dose and was the most critical fission product in regard to interral hazard. Cs/sup 137/ and Zr/sup 65/ were also found in tissues in small amounts. Body burdens of gamma -emitting fission products, measured by use of a whole-body counter, agreed closely with estimates made by radiochemical analysis of urine specimens. Transitory changes in blood-cell levels are the only pathological effect which has appeared during the fiveyear period since the exposure to internally-deposited emitters from fall-out. Tabulated data are included. 29 references. (C.H.) Descriptors: ACCIDENTS; ADSORPTION; ANIMALS; BARIUM 140; BIBLIOGRAPHY; BLOOD CELLS; BODY; CESIUM 137; CONTAMINATION; COUNTERS; DISEASES; FALLOUT; FISSION PRODUCTS; GAMMA RADIATION; HALF-LIFE; INGESTION; INHALATION; IODINE 131; LUNGS; MAN; MEASURED VALUES; MEDICINE; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; PLANTS; POPULATIONS; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUANTITY RATIO; RADIATION DOSES; RADIATION EFFECTS; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIOCHEMISTRY; RARE EARTHS; RECOVERY; SOILS; STOMACH; STRONTIUM 89; STRONTIUM 90; TABLES; TISSUES; URINE; VARIATIONS; ZIRCONIUM 95 Subject Codes (NSA): HEALTH AND SAFETY 10/5/188 139561 (Item 188 from file: NSA-14-023116 109) BEHAVIOR OF RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT AND AIR-MASSES AROUND JAPAN Koike, R. Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo Papers Meteorol. and Geophys. (Tokyo) Publication Date: 1960 5 p. Journal Announcement: NSA14 v 11, No. ™ 1. Document Type: Journal Article Language: English By analyzing the air masses covering Japan, the origin and the movement of radioactive fall-out were determined. The fall-outs originating at Bikini and in the Arctics were transported with the Ogasawara air mass and the Siberia air mass, respectively. The fall-out in Southwest Siberia was transported from the north with the Siberia air mass or from the west with the strong westerlies. The fall-out discharged in the troposphere spreads over a large area in the atmosphere after about three months travel from its original site. Subject Codes 10/5/189 138226 (auth) (NSA): GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, (Item 189 from file: NSA-14-021780 AND METEOROLOGY 109) ann yzseRq