The biological hazards from an acute fall-out exposure are discussed.
Results are reviewed from a number of studies on the people of Rongelap
Atoll in the Marshall Islands who were accidentally exposed to an acute
fall-out situation in 1954. Annual medical surveys have been carried out
and data collected through 1960 are included. A steel room with 4-in. thick
walls was constructed for use in carrying out whoel-body
gamma
spectroscopy measurements on the exposed people. It is concluded that the
most serious hazard associated with acute fall-out comes from penetrating
gamma
exposure which may result in acute radiation syndromes. Beta burns
of the skin may be moderately incapacitating but the hazard is not ’
considered serious. The hazard from internal absorption through ingestion
or inhalation is not considered serious during the period of acute
exposure. The Marshalese people received near maximum permissible levels of
some isotopes early, but there was rapid excretion. Chronic and late
effects include questionable effects on metabolism as suggested by
temporary weight loss, a slight lag in growth and development of exposed
children, and increased incidence of miscarriages and stillbirths in
exposed women. (C.H.)
Descriptors:
ACCIDENTS;
ADSORPTION;
AGE;
BETA PARTICLES;
BIOLOGY;
BODY;
EXCRETION;
FALLOUT;
FISSION PRODUCTS;
GAMMA RADIATION;
GAMMA
SPECTROMETERS;
INGESTION;
INHALATION;
INSPECTION;
IRRADIATION;
LUNGS;
MAN;
MEASURED VALUES;
MEDICINE;
METABOLISM;
POPULATIONS;
PREGNANCY;
RADIATION EFFECTS;
RADIATION INJURIES;
RADIOACTIVITY;
SAFETY;
SEX;
SHELLS;
SKIN;
SPECTROSCOPY;
STANDARDS;
STEELS;
STOMACH;
SURFACES;
THICKNESS;
URINE;
WEIGHT
Subject Codes (NSA): HEALTH AND SAFETY
10/5/174
(Item 174 from file:
157515
NSA-15-014582
109)
DETERMINING THE PROTECTION VALUE OF BUILDINGS AGAINST FALL-OUT RADIATION
Rudloff, A.
Bundesamt fur Zivilen Bevolkerungsschutz, Bad Godesberg, Ger.
Atompraxis
(West Germany)
Incorporated in Kerntechnik published from
Jan. 1971 as Kerntechnik Incorporating Atompraxis
Publication Date:
Coden: ATPXA
Note: 0571-8198
Jan.
1961
11-15 p.
v7.
Journal Announcement: NSA15
Document Type: Journal Article
Language: German
A method is described for determining the protection afforded by rooms
and basements against gamma radiation from fall-out. The method is
explained by means of practical examples. Particular attention is paid to
the scattered radiation descending from the ground floor to the basement;
as an example shows,
this radiation must not be ignored,
since it may form
the main share of the total radiation in underground rooms.
In conclusion,
the data issued on the Bikini test of March 1, 1954, are used as a basis
for estimating the dosages which accumulate in a basement room dlfring stays
of various lengths. (auth)
Descriptors:
BUILDINGS;
EFFICIENCY;
FALLOUT;
GAMMA RADIATION;
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS;
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS;
QUANTITY RATIO;
RADIATION
DOSES;
RADIATION PROTECTION;
RADIATIONS;
SCATTERING;
SHELTERS
Subject Codes (NSA): HEALTH AND SAFETY
10/5/175
{Item 175 from file:
157472
NSA-15-014539
109)
Quarterly Technical Report No.
July 1,
STUDY ON INTENSITY OF SURFACE PRECIPITATION USING RADAR INSTRUMENTATION.
Mueller,
E.A.;
Stout,
G.E.
10,
Illinois.
State Water Survey,
Publication Date: nd
42 p.
1960-September 30,
Urbana
Primary Report No.: NP-9888
Journal Announcement: NSAL5
Document Type: Report
Language: English
3 0 0 3 9 8 2
Contract No.: DA-36-039-SC-75055
1960