whole-body irradiation varies in both nature and severity, depending upon the dose, dose rate, dose distribution, and individual susceptibility. Signs and symptoms of central nervous system involvement appear immediately after high doses of penetrating radiation. Lower doses are followed by a latent period of apparent well-being, that lssts until pathological changes, initiated at the time of exposure, are sufficiently advanced to be manifest by clinical disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract, ° hemopoietic system, or both. Early symptomology is a useful guide to management and the treatment must be determined by the type and extent of injury. Fluid balance and daily weight should be measured and prophylactic doses of andtibiotics given if indicated. Tranquilizers and sedation may be used to relieve the apprehension of the patient. Blood transfusions are of no value except in the case of severe anemia or rapid blood loss andd blood platelets should be given only when there is a lifethreatening hemorrhagic diathesis. Measures should be taken to reduce physical stresses, and judicious medical care given. External contanminants should be removed as promptly as possible. The administration of chelating agents in the case of the ingestion of large quantities of radioactive nuclides and of Lugol’s solution to reduce I/sup 131/ uptake by the thyroid are discussed. Data are appended on the treatment of persons exposed in the Marshall Islandds accident in 1954, the Y-12 accident in 1958, 1980. (C.H.) andd the Lockport accident in Descriptors: ANEMIA ANTIBIOTICS BLOOD BLOOD CELLS BLOOD FORMATION BODY BRAIN DISTRIBUTION DRUGS HEMORRHAGE INTESTINE LIQUIDS MAN MEDICINE PLATELETS RADIATION DOSES RADIATION INJURIES RADIOSENSITIVITY STOMACH TRANQUILLIZERS TRANSFUSIONS TRANSPLANTS VARIATIONS WEIGHT; ACCIDENTS CHELATES CONTAMINATION INTESTINE IODINE IODINE 131 MAN MARSHALL ISLANDS MEDICINE METABOLISM ORNL QUANTITY RATIO RADIOISOTOPES REACTORS SOLUTIONS THYROID VARIATIONS Y-12 Subject Codes (NSA): BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 10/5/47 (Item 47 from file: 868429 NSA-18-001443 109) PATHOGENESIS AND REGENERATION OF RADIATION INDUCED BONE MARROW INJURY, AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS Fliedner, T.M.; Cronkite, E.P.; Bond, V.P. Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. Strahlentherapie, Sonderbaende v 51. Publication Date: 1962 263-78 p. Journal Announcement: NSA18 Document Type: Journal Article Language: English The hematological data of patients of 4 radiation accidents (Rongelap 1954, Oak Ridge 1958, Vinca 1958, Lockport 1960) are reviewed and compared. The blood cell curves appear to show three phases. These are an initial phase (about 8 to 10 days), a phase of transient or abortive regenerations, and a phase of final effective recovery. These phases in the blood are preceded and caused by particular events in the bone marrow. Evidence was brought forward that transient rises in leukocytes and reticulocytes associated with a delayed platelet disappearance curve are associated with a marrow capable of spontaneous recovery. In patients with inhomogenous totalbody irradiation, the transient rise may lead directly of effective recovery. Immediate decline of all blood cell elements without evidence of further, even abortive attempts of marrow regeneration must be considered as evidence for a lethal bone marrow dose andd extremely serious complications may be expected. The clinical implications of these analyses are outlined and the diagnostic possibilities described. (auth) Descriptors: ACCIDENTS; BLOOD CELLS; BODY; BONE MARROW; DIAGNOSIS; DIAGRAMS; DISTRIBUTION; ERYTHROCYTES; LETHAL DOSE; LEUCOCYTES; MAN; PLATELETS; QUANTITY RATIO; RADIATION DOSES; RADIATION INJURIES; RECOVERY; REGENERATION; RETICULOCYTES; VARIATIONS Subject Codes (NSA): BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 10/5/48 859870 (Item 48 from file: NSA-29-024481 109) 2 VO05939 Annual report for National Institute of Radiological Sciences, for fiscal