Document Type: Journal Article Language: English Journal Announcement: EDB9402 Subfile: ETD (Energy Technology Data Exchange). US DOE Project/NonDOE Project: NP Country of Origin: Israel Country of Publication: United States IIA (DOE contractor) t r Abstract: The fallout from nuclear weapons tests conducted on Bikini Atoll Island in 1954 resulted in contamination of soil with Cesium 137. To develop effective regimes for decontaminating the Bikini Atoll’soil, the exchange of Cs for K, Na, and other cations on the soil must be understood. Samples of soils made homoionic with K, Na, or Ca were reacted with solutions containing Cs ions, and the quantities of Cs sorbed and the rates of exchange were measured. The samples were then reacted with solutions containing K, Na, or Ca, and the quantities of Cs desorbed and the rates of exchange were again measured. Samples made homoionic with Na had a greater ion exchange capacity than samples made homoionic with K, and, in both cases, the ion exchange capacity increased with the organic matter content of the soil. For samples pretreated with Ca, the ion exchange capacity is not related ina simple way to the organic matter content. The kinetics were assessed by plotting the rate of exchange vs. the time and vs. the quantity exchanged. A first-order equation was obeyed during most of the run in Cs desorption experiments and during a limited part of the run in Cs adsorption experiments. An increase in the rate of Cs exchange was observed at the beginning of the experiments especially for Cs adsorption. This increase is presumably due to an increase of the ionic strength of the liquid phase during the exchange process. 33 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs. Major Descriptors: *BIKINI -- FALLOUT; *BIKINI -- LAND RECLAMATION; *CESIUM -- CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; *CESIUM -- ION EXCHANGE Descriptors: ADSORPTION; CALCIUM; CATIONS; DESORPTION; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; ORGANIC MATTER; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; SOILS Broader Terms: ALKALI METALS; ALKALINE EARTH METALS; CHARGED PARTICLES; ELEMENTS; EXPLOSIONS; IONS; ISLANDS; KINETICS; MARSHALL ISLANDS; MATTER 7; METALS; MICRONESIA; OCEANIA; REACTION KINETICS; SORPTION Subject Categories: Use Studies -- 540250* (1990-) 540230 -- Environment, & Transport -- (1990-) 10/5/304 03599019 -- Environment, Terrestrial -- Site Resource & Terrestrial -- Radioactive Materials Monitoring (Item 4 from file: EDB-94-014985 103) Title: The technical basis for air pathway assessment of resuspended radioactive aerosols: LLNL experiences at seven sites around the world Author (s)/Editor(s): Shinn, J.H. Corporate Source: Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States) (Code: 9513035) ~ Sponsoring Organization: DOE USDOE, Washington, DC (United States) Conference Title: The technical basis for measuring, modeling and mitigating toxic aerosols Conference Location: 26-30 Sep 1993 Publication Date: Report Number(s): Order Number: Albuquerque, NM (United States) Conference Date: Sep 1993 (12 p) UCRL-JC-115045 CONF -930914--1 DE94003626 Contract Number (DOE): W-7405-ENG-48 Document Type: Report; Conference Literature Language: English Journal Announcement: EDB9402 Availability: OSTI; NTIS; GPO Dep Distribution: Subfile: ERA Exchange); (Report) :0 (Energy NTS (NTIS). (MF):4 MN-702; TIC (Technical Research US DOE Project/NonDOE Project: P Country of Origin: United States MN-707 Abstracts); 200 ETD (Energy Technology Data Information Center)