On 31 January 1950, President Truman made public the decision to
develop a thermonuclear bomb, a decision which, of course, was to have

great impact on Eniwetok Atoll.

Tests of weapons with such large increases

in yield and fallout radiation are not suitable for the ‘continental United

States, but are better suited for the remoteness of the Pacific
Proving Ground. “To facilitate tests of devices that at first were

limited to the 20-kiloton nominal yield of the Hiroshima weapon, the
Nevada Proving Ground, near las Vegas, Nevada, was additionally established

in the autumn of 1950.

The first tests there were in a 1951] series

starting on 27 January.

The Eniwetok Atoll test series also planned for 1951 was ‘designated
as Operation Greenhouse and included, among other tests, activities
related to thermonuclear research, but not yet involving a full thermonuclear
explosion.

Between 7 April and 24 May 1951, four tests from towers were

conducted at Eniwetok, with the second one called Easy announced as 47

kiloton yield. 427
A full thermonuclear explosion was achieved the following year in the
1952 test series Operation Ivy at Eniwetok Atol1, 48

This involved only

two tests, but the first had considerable significance and consequence.
The first was Test Mike, the first thermonuclear detonation and a ground
level explosion amounting to 10.4 megatons (equivalent of 10.4 million tons
of high explosive) on 31 October 1952 on a small island, Elugelab (Eluklapin
in Marshallese, and Flora by the U.S. code name), at the north end of the

Atoll.

Being a surface explosion and having this large yield, Test Mike

actually removed this small island from the Atoll chain.

A large

reinforced concrete building built on the nearby large island of Engebi

to test effects of pressure was partly damaged.

7,
8.

Reference T, p 125.
Reference 1, p 135.

3

‘The second test of

Select target paragraph3