70

MILLER AND SARTOR

value of C for the larger fallout pattern could then be calculated if the
yield were known.
A commonly used value of K} in Eq. 7 for estimating the fraction
of a devicein the fallout pattern, especially when experimental values

of Dq are not directly available, is 2000 r/hr at 1 hr per kiloton per
square mile. If this value is used with the Jp value, 1460 r/hr at 1 hr
per square mile, for the Small Boy fallout pattern, the estimated value

of Fp could be compared to that obtained through use of the radiochemical analysis of the fallout material and the methods outlined in
this report.

COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The computed l tp values appear to be somewhat low, especially for
the median particle diameters between about 200 and 800 yu. Further
examination of the radiochemical data with respect to the fractionation

of individual nuclides and to the fission yield of *Zr, as a measure of

the number of fissions, could provide further information on the ry,

values. The major factors in determining the Vip values, if the data
from ion-chamber measurements are accepted as being by far the
most accurate, are the fission content of the samples and the decay
factors from 100 to 1 hr after detonation for the ion-chamber data.

The absolute value of i) for the unfractionated mixture of radionuclides

from thermal-neutron fission of **U rather than for fission by fission
neutrons would result in a relatively small error in the r,, estimates.

It should be expected that the decay factors for the samples would

approach those for iy as the r;, (100) values approach unity, indicating a

relatively unfractionated mixture of radionuclides.
The Dq values derived from the data are consistent with other
previously derived values of q for the Nevada Test Site terrain.’ These
values generally would not be influenced by possible future changes in

the r,, values since any change in r,, would result in an equivalent
change in the values of the K).

The example analysis of some of the Small Boy shot data applica-

ble to evaluation of the intensity—activity ratio shows that the ratio is
not a constant for a given fallout pattern but varies over the pattern
depending on the particle sizes in the deposited fallout. However, when
gross activity—size distribution data are evaluated, an average value
of the ratio can be derived for the fallout pattern. On the other hand,
the average value of the intensity—activity ratio is not required for

estimating the fraction of the device within a fallout pattern. A value
for this ratio for the fallout deposited uniformly over an ideal plane,
an average terrain attenuation factor, and an instrument response

factor, however, are needed for estimating the fraction of device in the
pattern.

Select target paragraph3