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YOUNG, ERICKSON, AND FAIRHALL

bottom of the box. The motor in the suction unit operates from a 12-

volt automobile battery or, by means of a step-down transformer built
into the box, 115-volt alternating current.
Typical sampling times to collect sufficient CO, for analysis, about
5 liters, range from 45 to 90 min. The reason for this range in time is

that water is preferentially adsorbed by the sieve and displaces CQ .
During times of the year when the total water content of the air is high,
collection times have to be reduced to avoid displacing CO,. This also
reduces the total amount of CO, collected; however, a sufficient volume
is obtained for counting. Studies of various sections of the cans reveal
that CO, is quantitatively removed from the air, provided the collec-

tion time is not too long. This has been checked independently by com-

paring the amounts of water and CO, which outgassed from the exposed

sieve material. Atmospheric CO, concentrations are known to be about
315 ppm, and the water concentration of the air that is sampled can be

calculated from the relative humidity. The calculated ratio of water to
CO, in the air that was sampled agreed with the amounts of water and
CO, that were recovered to within about 10%, which is the limit imposed by the memoryof the sieve for water.
Since CO, is quantitatively removed, it can be used to calculate
the quantity of air that was sampled. We have used this technique to

calibrate airflow through canisters in connection with our aircraft
sampling program of fallout debris in the lower stratosphere.
The molecular sieve produces considerable quantities of radon

during outgassing of the sample. Our standard procedure is to outgas
the sieve, convert the CO, into methane for counting purposes, and then
let the radon decay for four to six weeks before counting the methane.
The conversion procedure removes any trace gases (e.g., NO, and SO,)
that might affect the counting characteristics of the gas.
The double-top paint cans are sufficiently sturdy that they can

easily be shipped to remote locations without damage or leakage. The
only precaution to be taken is that, when shipments are made byair,
the shipping container must provide sufficient pressure to the ends of
the cans to keep the reduced external pressure from popping the lids.

Likewise, when sampling in extremely cold climates, the cans should
be warmed to approximately room temperature before they are tightly
sealed. Brief exposure to air in the laboratory during normal handling
procedures does not significantly contaminate the sample.
Routine collection of atmospheric CO, samples with this type of
device has been made in the Puget Sound area (48°30’N, 122°W) ona
weekly basis since September 1963. Samples have been collected about
every two weeks at several sites in the Arctic basin since January

1964. Two of the Arctic sites are Point Barrow, Alaska (71°20’N,

156°39’W) and floating ice island Arlis Il. These samples have been
collected through the cooperation of personnel connected with the

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