SINGLE PARTICLES FROM HIGH-YIELD AIR BURSTS

107

from the straight-line approximation, were calculated. For over 90% of

the decay curves, the standard error in the exponent was less than
+ 3%. The excellence of the curve fit was further demonstrated by the

magnitude of the correlation coefficient, which exceeded 0.99 for over
90% of the decay curves.
Values of the decay constant were 0.7 to 1.4, with an average value

for all shots of 1.10. These variations were found amongparticles of
approximately the same size from each shot. There was no correla~

tion between the decay slope and the particle size or the color. A sta-

tistical analysis of the variance indicates that a negligible variation
can be associated with experimental errors or statistical fluctuations,
and it is concluded that the wide variations in the beta-decay rates

result from widely varying fractionation patterns among the particles.

These distributions appear to be Gaussian and independent of weapon
yield.

The physical characteristics of single particles can yield information concerning the radiochemical content. Although single-particle
beta and gamma decay curves, the beta-energy spectrum (as well as the
gamma-energy spectrum), and the activity per unit particle volume can
give valuable information from the health-hazard point of view, the
radionuclide concentrations as a function of particle size are of prime
importance for an understanding of the fractionation process. In any
laboratory program dealing with single-particle analysis, it is desirable to provide simple test procedures to select those particles which
will yield particles exhibiting the interesting radionuclide composi-

tions. A correlation of the radionuclide compositions with the physical

parameters of the particles will provide a field test-particle selection

procedure. The radiochemical composition of these particles was also
investigated, and the program concerned will be reported in the next
paper.*

*P. Benson, C. E. Gleit, and L. Leventhal, this volume.

Select target paragraph3