1288 s in Normal Adults Measures of Body Fat and Related Factor R.C. Steinkamp, N. L. Coren, W. E. Siri, T. W. SARGENT and H. E. WALSH Acknowledgements— Kind appreciation is expressed to the following participating groups for making their employees or members available For this study. To those who volunteered as subjects sincerest appreciation is extended. Without their support and interest this work would not have been possible. Alameda County Employees; Alta Bates Hospital; Berkeley City Employees; Berkeley League of Women Voters; Rerkeley Tennis Club; California Packing Corporation; California State Depart- ment of Public Health; California State Department of Public Works (Toll Plaza); City of Oakland Employees; Durkce Famous Foods, Inc.; Emporium; Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company: Gerber Products Company; International Business Machines; International Toastmistresses Club; Mary Elfen Jams and Jellies, Inc.; Men of Tomorrow; Metropolitan Life Insurance Company; Moore Business Forms; Mount Everest Expedition Team; Saint Cyprian’s Episcopal Church; San Francisco General Hospital; San Jose City Health Department; San Mateo County Health Department: Santa Clara County Health Department; Shell Oil Company: Standard Oif Company; University of California staff and students (Berkeley); University of California Workshop of the Department of Nutritional Sciences; U.S. Department of Agriculture Extension Service and Western Regional Laboratories; U.S, Naval Supply Center; U.S, Public Health Service Hospital; Berkeley City Firemen and Womens’ Auxiliary; Berkeley City Policemen and Womens’ Auxiliary. fiys, 4, 4, 239, 1956. i med. Phys. : c. Biol, iti n of the body, Advan 5 compositio ze solids of 25. Roserts J. E.: ja water andtissue and T., T. LLO, TRUII E B n . 26, Rate TH ee 14, 100 . l, Physio appl. J. l, minera bone its dy less fat in man by the simultaneous absorp body total of t remen Measu G.: ZAK, aad 27, Vewhos rr ’ ’ "3 —“ REFERENCES _ . C.M.: The Body Cell Mass and its Supporting Environment. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1963. Matiecka, J.: The testing of physical efficiency, Amer. J. phys. Anthrop. 4, 223, 1921. . . Witctoucuey, D. P. : An anthropometric method for arriving at the optimal proportions of the body in any adult mdividual, Res. Quart. 3, 48, 1932. Turner, A. H.: Body weight optimal for young adult women, Res. Quart, 14, 255, 1943. Pryor, H. B.: Width-Weight Tables. Stanford University Press, California, 1940. BeHnke, A. R., FEEN, B. G. and WeLHAM, W.C.: The specific gravity of healthy men, J. Amer. med. Ass. 118, 495, 1942. BEHNKE, A. R., OSSERMAN, E. F. and WEeLHam, W. C.: Lean body mass, Arch. intern. Med. 91, $85, 1953. BEHNKE, A. R.: The estimation of lean body weight from ‘skeletal’ measurements, Aum. Biol. 31, 295, 1959. . Youne, C.M.and Tensuan, R.S.: Estimating the lean body mass of young women, J. Amer. diet, Ass. 42, 46, 1963. 12. BEHNKE, A. R.: Quantitative assessment of body build, J. epp/. Physiol. 16, 960, 1961. 13. Keys, A. and Brozek, J.: Body fat in adult man, PAysiol. Rev. 33, 245, 1953. 14. Mitcuett, H. H., HAMILTON, T. S., STEGGERDA, F. R. and Bean, H. W.: The chemical composition of the adult human bodyandits bearing on the biochemistry of growth, J. biol. Chem. 158, 625, 1945, Wippowson, E. M., McCance, R. A. and Spray, C. M.: The chemical composition of the human body, Clin. Sci. 10, 113, 1951. . Forses, R. M., Cooper, A. R.,and Mircue.t H.H.: The composition of the adult human body as determined by chemical analysis, J. bie!, Chem, 203, 359, 1953. . Trotrer, M. and PeTerson, R. R.: Ash weight of human skeletons in per cent of their dry, fat-free weight, Anat. Rec, 123, 341, 1955, 18. RATHBUN, E, N. and PACE, N.: Studies on body composition. I. The determination of total body fat by meansof the body specific gravity, J. biol. Chem. 158, 667, 1945. 19, Brozex, J. and Keys, A.: Evaluation of leanness-fatness in man: a survey of methods, Nur. Absir, Rev, 20, 247, 1950. 20, Von Désetn, W.: Human standard and maximal metabolic rate in relation to fat-free body mass, Acta physiol. scand. 37, (Suppl. 126), 1, 1956. 21, Siri, W. E.: Apparatus for measuring body volume, Rev. sci. Instrum, 27, 729, 1956, 22, Epetman,I. S., HaLey, H. B., SCHLOERB, P. R., SHELDON, D. B., Frius-HAnseEn, B. J., STOLL, G. and Moore, F, D.: Further observations on total body water. 1. Normal values throughout the life span, Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 95, 1, 1952. 23. OSsseRMAN, E. F., Prrrs, G. C., WELHAM, W. C. and BEHNKE, A, R.: Jn vive measurement of body fat and body water in a group of normal men, J. appl. Physiol. 2, 633, 1950. 24. Liunccren, H.: Studies on body composition, Aefa endocrin, (Kbh.) 25, (Suppl. 33), 9, 1957. . 3 * ") ' . _ 9 I 5 N.Y. Acad. Sci. 110, 40, 1963. ion two it gross body AM, W. H.: Total body potassium and 28. mn Maeeon E. C. and LANGH 1960. 348, 15, . Geront J. age, to on relati n in compositio potassium as a A. J. prayae [.: Exchangeable 29, Taso, P. J., Mrecer, C. E., CARBALLO, to 1960. . body composition, Metabolism9, f i & sex trends in lean body mass calculated fom and Age B.. J. , HuRsH and OB e * 30. Ce i.. basis for the procedure, AiN.Y. Acad.oc measurements: With a note on the theoretical ; 963. 3349, spaces and density: analysis of methods. UCRL31. Sri W. E.: Body composition from fluid 7 ity of California, Berkeley, 1956. i Biol. 29, 337, determinations of body composition, Hum. 32. Gan,SM: Roentgenogrammetric ic gravity and an, R. and BLonbin, J.: Predicting specif 33, VouNG C. M., MARTIN M.E. K., TeNsu between E, H. S. and FRANKEL, T.: Correlations 34. tenL R..GROSSMAN, M. I., SLOAN 1956, ns ' 28, Biol. Hun. rs, soldie 88 in y thickness of skinfolds and body densit ue. Harper: New York, 1940. 35. SHELDON, W. H.: Varieties of Human Physiq . 7 . 920, 1 :k, J. Body composition, Science 434, 36. National Defense. tmental Committee 105 Nu rition for 37. Manual for Nutrition Surveys, Interdepar . May, women, J, Amer, diet. Ass. 40, 102, 1962. ‘tness in Brozexk, J. and HENSCHEL, A. (Editors): Techniques for measuring body composition. Prec. Conf. Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, Natick, Mass., Jan. 1959, National Academyof Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, 10.C., 196]. Brozek, J. (Editor): Body composition, dun. N.Y. Acad, Sci. 110. 1, 1963, Moore, F, D., OLEson, K. H., McMurrey, J. D., PARKER, H. V., BALL, M. R. and Boypen, 1289 Washington, D.C., ffice, inti for deere , M, R.: Rapid sensitive method 38. WonbnevernmentPriting or “and INADA ,8, Soc. exp. Biol., N.Y. Proc. , ometry spectr n llatio scinti fluidsiby liquid H3-water in body body Fe*%, Ca‘? and C!" in various diseases. Whole | 39. SARGENT T. W.: Metabolic studies with ing, IAEA (Vienna), 1962. Ro EAN SON, J. L., PAYNE, D. D., Lorimer, A. MENEELY G.R., BALL, C. O. T., FERGU ring body electrolytes by g ters in measu Rott, H L and HeysseEL, R. M.: Use of compu - rometry, Cire. Res. 11, 539, 1962. i. 2-10, 1960. ating theNutritive Value of Diets. ARS-6 41, Us. Departrnent of Agriculture: Calcul Rev. 48, 807, 1955 n Bull. No. 72., 1960. oh Garde and Home lture: Agricu of . 42, US. Department , 35, l. Rev. A.. Human energy expenditure, Physio PASSMORE R. and Durnw, J. ¥.G. communication. Personal H.: W. SHELDON, and i. Turner, A. C NT, , T., BRON, G., : Siri, 3 W. E., SARGE _C., Couen, N. L., GAFFEY, W. R., McKey 45. d factors in normal adults.UA simple relate and fat body of res Measu E.: CS. STandTsAA . lean body mass, J. chron, Dis. 18, 1291, clinical method to estimate body fat and

Select target paragraph3