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80

situation are made.

purposes.

However, these calculations are made for planning

Tests would not be conducted unless it can be shown that

safety of on~ and off-site personnel can be assured even if the maximum

credible accident should occur.

By virtue of experiences gained over the

past several years, containment techniques have been vastly improved and

further improvement is anticipated.
During the period August 5, 1963, through October 31, 1969, the Atomic

Energy Commission announced the detonation of 180 nuclear tests which were
designed to completely contain resulting radioactivity underground.

Of

these 180 underground tests, only 15 (all of low or low-intermediate yield)

released radicactivity to the atmosphere which was detected by ground monitors
or ground monitoring equipment off the site.

There have been no releases of

radioactivity from high-yield tests.
Part C Question 17
Is it possible to determine the direction and velocity of contaminated underground water from a Plowshare cavity in an unfamiliar region, when there

seems still to be some uncertainty about its direction and velocity even
in Nevada?

Part C Answer Question 17
The direction of ground water flow under natural conditions or in the
vicinity of a cavity formed by the explosion of a deeply buried nuclear
device can be predicted by knowledge of the pressure of hydraulic gradient

acting on the water bearing formation.

Ground water, like water on the

surface of the earth, moves from points of higher elevation or pressure to

Select target paragraph3