Be am
ea rlltnt we ee Fe
Radi oec ology
Page 566
greater degree
manganese,
than
the radioiron, cobalt, or
SUMMARY
The roles of iron and cobalt in ecology are
dependent upon their physical and chemical characteristics in the environment and upon the biological demand for these elements. Iron and, to
a lesser degree, cobalt are important elements in
the physiology of plants and animals,
The introduction of radioisotopes of iron and
cobalt may be used to determine the roles of these
elements in the metabolic patterns and mass trensfers within a given ecosystem,
Most investiga-
tions of this type have been done in marine envir-e¢
onments near nuclear weapons test sites.
Plankton, collected from an area of sea water
which had been contaminated with radioactivity for
a period of six weeks, exhibited average concentration factors for radioactive iron and cobalt of
90,000 and 100,000, respectively, and contained
the stable counterparts of these elements in about
the same ratio as they were present in the water.
The roles of iron and cobalt in two food
Cooper, L.H.N.
18937.
Some conditions governing the
Proc, Roy. Soc. (London),
solubility of iron,
B124: 229-307,
Donaldson, L.R., A.H. Seymour, E.E. Held, N.O. Hines,
F.G. Lowman, P.R. Olson, and A.D. Welander.
1956.
Survey of radioactivity in the sea near Bikini and
Eniwetok Atolis.
Univ. of Washington, U.S. AEC
report UWFL-~46.
39 pp.
Foster, R.F., and R.E. Rostenback.
Heath, R.L.
1956.
Fission preduct monitoring in reactor coolant Streams.
Idaho Operations Office,
U.S. AEC report If0-16213.
113 pp.
Kawabata, T.
fishes.
Geophys. Union 33: 680-684.
Knapp, H.A.
1960.
External gamma doses and dose rates
from fallout from nuclear explosions.
Fallout
Studies Branch, Div. Biol. Med., U.S. AEC report.
(in manuscript}.
Krumholz, L.A., and R.F. Foster.
---,
Biddulph, G.
plants,
Plants,
consin,
The translocation of minerals in
1951.
In E. Truog, fed.}, Mineral Nutrition of
Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wiepp. 261-275.
Lab1957.
Boroughs, H., W.A. Chipman, and T.R. Rice.
oratory experiments on the uptake, accumulation,
and loss of radionuclides by marine organisms.
In
The Effects of Atomic Radjation on Qceanography and
National Academy of Sciences , National
Fisheries.
Research Council,
80~87.
Washington.
Publ.
551.
pp.
Hanford atomic-energy plant - joint
Conley, W.R.
13954.
J. Am. Water Works
discussion.
Water supply.
Assoc. 46; 629-633.
Publ.
Lowman, F.G.
1958.
Radionuclides in plankton near the
Marshall Islands.
Univ. of Washington, U.S. AEC
report UWFL-54.
31 pp.
---,
1960.
Marine biological investigations at the
Eniwetok Test Site.
In Disposal of Radjogctive
Wastes, Vol. II.
VYienna.
pp.
Intern, Atomic Energy Agency,
105-138.
Lowman. F.G.
1962.
Radionuclides in plankton and tuna
from the Central Pacific.
In this volume, pages
145-149.
--~,
R.F. Palumbo, and D.J. South, 1957.
The occurrence
and distribution of radioactive non-fission products in plants and animals of the Pacific Proving
Ground,
Univ. of Washington, U.S, AEC report
UWFL-51.
61 pp.
--~,
R.F. Palumbo, D.J. South and D.R. Weeks.
1959,
The biological and geographical distribution of
W185 in the vicinity of the Eniwetok Test Site,
April-September, 1958.
Univ. of Washington, U.S.
AEC report UWFL-57. (Secret).
61 pp.
REFERENCES
Sedimentation on the ocean floor.
1959,
Arrhenius, G.
In Ph. H. Abelson, ted.}, Rewegrches in GeochenJohn Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 1-24.
istry.
B.D, Goldberg, and H.A. Boroughs.
1957.
Ecological factors involved in the uptake, accumulation,
and loss of radionuclides by aquatic organiema.
National Research Council, Washington.
551. pp. 69-79.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was performed under contract nsuaber
AT(45-1) S40 between the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the University of Washington.
In The Effects of Atomic Radiation on
In The Effects of Atomic Radiation on Oceanography
and Fisheries. National Academy of Sciences,
Water —3> plankton —-> omnivorous fish ——birds
feed primarily upon omnivorous fish and secondarily upon squid, did not retain significant amounts
of the radioisotopes of cobalt or iron but reteined a major part of the ingested zinc-65.
Accumulation
Oceanography and Fisheries.
National Academy of
Sciences-National Research Council, Washington.
Publ. 551, pp. 88-95.
and
In the second food chain the birds, which
1957.
and retention of radioactivity from fission products and other radiomaterials by freshwater or-
ganisme.
In the first food chain, discrimination
against cobalt-57,58,60,was progressive throughout
the trophic levels. I[Iron-55,59 was actively concentrated in the omnivorous fish, and it accounted
for a reduced percentage of the total radioactivity
in the carnivorous fish due to the presence of
large amounts of zinc-65.
1954.
Radiological contamination of «*
Kagaku 24: 611-619.
Ketchum, B.H., and W.L. Ford.
1952.
Rate of disperSion in the wake of a barge at sea.
Trans. Am.
These
Water——> plankton ——> omnivorous —-3 carnivorous
fish
fish
Hanford
Am. Water Works Assoc, 46: 633-640.
chains have beer investigated in the marine
environment in the Central Pacific.
include:
1954.
atomic energy Plant - joint discussion,
Distribution of radioisotopes in the Columbia River.
J.
Mason, B,
ed.,
1958.
Principles of Geochemistry.
John Wiley and Sons, New York. vii,
Meyer, B.S. and D.B. Anderson,
D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.
--~,
Second
310 pp.
1947.
Plant Physiology.
New York. x, 696 pp.
D.B, Anderson, and R.H. Bonning.
" guction to Plant Physiology.
D.
Princeton, N.J. 541 pp.
1960.
IntroVan Nostrand Co.,
Miller, E.V.
1957.
The Chemistry of Plants.
Pub. Corp., New York,
Pp.
Reinhold
Moeller, D.W.
1957.
Radionuclides in reactor cooling
water-identification, Source, and control.
Oak
Ridge Natl. Lab. U.S. AEC report ORNL-2311. 161 pp.
ino
CH! V
Noe AR