CHAPTERIII Counterintelligence Plans and Operations The international settingfor OperationSANDSTONEas outlined in Chapter11 demonstratedto the J-2 plannersthe brgentnecessity for constructing a securityscreenof the most rigidnaturefor the projectedatomicenergytests. Tn the event of the loss or compromise of atomicsecrets,it would be difficultto overestimatethe gravity of the consequences.For these reasons,the most effectivepossible securitycontrols,checksand safeguardswere designedto tisurethe maximumsecurityfor all classifiedaspectsof the operation. Yet, notwithstanding this necessaryemphasison the protectivefinction, counterintelligence planswere so foxmul.ated as to resultin a minimum of interference with scientificand relatedactivities. For convenienceof treatment,the J-2 counterintelligence program is consideredin this portionof the J-2 reportunder the following headings: A. SecurityControlof rerso~el: Measurestaken to insurethat only loyaland trustworthypersonnelparticipatedin this operationare brein considered. ~ocedures adoptedto ~tain the Atmic fiergyCommission~s securi~ clearaxwe(basedon a completeinvestigation by the Federal Bureauof Investigation of the Ilepartment of Justice)for all individuals expectedto five accessto ‘AtomicEner~ Act RestrictedDatanare likewisedetailedin this secticm. &re also the variousarea and travelcontrolplans establishedto tisurethatpersonnelhad entree 18 + . ~ctj.a II