circle. The significance of this kind of fallout radiation compared to normal X-radiation from a single source is that the fallout radiation has a greater effect than radiation from a single source. This is to say that the gamma radiation from fallout on Rongelap penetrated deeper and in many more places than a normal X-ray exposure would have. Thus, scientists calculated that the gamma dose received by the Marshallese and Americans was 50 percent more effective than a similar X-ray dose. To put it another way, in order to come ewer we up with what the dose in fallout was equivalent to in X-rays, had to be multiplied by 1.5. the fallout dose This means that if a person received 10 rads of fallout radiation, it was the same as receiving 15 rads of X-radiation (1.5 times 10). On this basis the best estimate doses in gamma radiation are shown qu = | ] f_enea mee = oe ewes . ee ee wa oe\ ned (eapvicinadh negra iene agrap = wo — =a >mha below in what would be the same dose delivered by X-rays: Location Gamma Ray Dose Rongelap Ailinginae 175 r 69 r Rongerik Utirik 78 x 4r Equivalent in X-rays* = = 260 xr 100 r 120 r 20 r In a section of the 1956 report dealing with effects of radiation on the blood, it was stated that if the low levels of blood cell count observed was any indication, then "the effective dose received by the Rongelap people approached the lethal range." The report also mentioned that experiments on the effects of radiation on dogs showed that an additional 50 to 100 rads when the blood count is at a low level (1000 mm2) can produce fatalities. The report also noted that although data on animals could not apply to man, and while human beings seem to be able to survive lower blood counts than 1000 mm? that *From "Some Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Human Beings", p. 9 97