water sample is the same for each MnO2 cartridge. We found this to be
true for *42Pu tracer Pu (III), Pu (IV) and Pu (VI) tested in the laboratory.
Collection efficiency is reproducible if the MnO2g cartridges are
prepared just prior to use so that any physical damage §o the MnOo

surface is minimized.

Temperature ranges between 10-30

C. and pH

variations between 7-9 seem to have no significant effect on the effi-

ciency.

The MICE procedure has been used to preconcentrate plutonium from water
contaminated by different sources.
Fallout plutonium has been separated
from surface Pacific Ocean water south of the Farallon Islands, west of
San Francisco (37° N 123° W) and near the Marshall Islands (10 N 165
E).

Plutonium remobilized to solution from the solid phases >7f the

environment has been concentrated from Enewetak Atoll lagoon, reef, and

groundwater.

To verify the accuracy of the calculated collection efficiency using
Equation 1, representative aliquots of 50-200 liters of filtered water

from each station were collected and analyzed separately for plutonium

by standard radiochemical coprecipitation methods.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The four types of environmental water samples collected for this study
are listed in Tables 1 and 2 along with the sample volumes processed

with the MICE technique.
Also tabulated for each sample are the
239°240pu concentrations associated with the material removed by the
1 um prefilter (PF), the activity adsorbed on each MnO2 cartridge (A,B),

the plutonium concentration in the filtrate determined from Equation 2,

the aliquot concentration determined by the radiochemical coprecipitation

method (RC), and the collection efficiency of the MnO cartridges.

The first point of interest in Table 1 is the good agreement of the

239°240py concentration in the filtrate determined by the MICE and
radiochemical method for both the ocean and lagoon samples.

Only one

(sample E-11) out of twelve samples from these two areas shows a devia-

tion greater than the counting error.
The plutonium concentration of
the filtrate determined by the MICE was calculated by Equation 2 using
the measured collection efficiency from each sample.
The Pu collection
efficiency computed from Equation 1 for the lagoon and open ocean waters

(Table 1) varied from 48 to 95% and average 72 + 13%.

These differences

may be related to sample flow rates, matrices or cartridge loading
characteristics, but at this time it is unclear which mechanism is
responsible.
This variation is noted even in samples collected sequentially from the same area as shown by sample E-l.
The result clearly
shows that a mean computed collection efficiency would not be adequate

for correcting the loss of plutonium in the preconcentration step;

586

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