45937
RECOIL PROTONS [IN LIVER AND KIDNEYS.
Majew-
ski, C.; Wszolck, B.; Kukiel, E. (J, Strus Municipai Hospital,
Poznan, Poland). Pol. Med, J., 7: LL73-7(21966),
Transialed from Patol. Pol,, 18: No, 4(1u67).
Recoil protons are recorded in nuclear emulsions when dehy~
drated homogenates of renal clear-ceil carcinoma, Guerin epi-
theHoma. and liver and kidneys of rats with implanted Guerin
epithelloma were exposed.
Recoil protons were formed as a re-
sult of elastic collision of fast neutrons with hydrogen ntoms from
nuclear emulsion. The described phenomena may play an important role in living organisms in which hydrogen is one of the
fundamental elements. (auth)
45938
RADIATION DOSAGE AND COMPLICATIONS IN CERVICAL CANCER THERAPY, Peckham, Ben M.; Kline, Joyce C.;
Schultz, Alwin E.; Cameron, John R.; Vermund, Halvor (Univ.
of Wisconsin, Madison). Amer. Jd, Obstet. Gynecol., 104: 48594(June 15, 1969).
Computerized dosimetry in 346 patients treated by a combination
of intracavitary and supervoltage radiotherapy permitted a detailed
analysis of dose delivered and an analysis of severe complications
in relation to dose. The radiation delivered to the blidder, rectum,
paracervical area, and the pelvic wall is described for a technique
in which a calculated bladder and rectal tolerance was used us the
limiting factor for total central dose. Rectovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulas occurred in only 1.4% of the patients, but other serious bowel and ureteral complications were seen in 6.4%. There
Were 16 severe bowel injuries (8 necrosis and/or perforation and
8 obstructive). In addition, there were 18 cases of proctitis and 16
of cystitis, Three other serious complications included 1 severe
pelvic infection requiring exploration and 2 bone complications
(necrosis of the femoral head and a traumatic subcapital fracture).
Most injuries occurred in patients in a relatively early stage of
disease. No significant correlation could be found between dose
ranges in the bladder, rectum, or paracervical area and compheations. However, there was a significantly greater numberof bowel
and ureteral complications in patients receiviny 2 intracavitary
applications compared with only 1. (BBB)
45939
MEDICAL BASIC PRINCIPLES WHICH SERVE AS
THE BASIS FOR THE BODY OF REGULATIONS CONCERNING
IONIZING RADIATION, LaFontaine, A. (Instituut voor Hygiene
en Epldemiologte, Brussels). Bull, Belgicatom, 12: 19-22(MayJune 1967), (In Flemish).
A radicbiclogical effect depends on the quantity of energy absorbed by living matter, Factors governing this include the spatial
and temporal propagation of radiation in the organism, and the
type of radiation and the kind of irradiated tissue. General characteristics of radicpathological effects are the variety of symptoms, general nonspecificity, and appcarance as combined ei fects.
There may be a very long latent period. Radiopatholugical cffects
are briefly described for the head, hematupoielic organs, legs,
eye, and sex organs. Effects of total-body irradiation are described, with emphasis on the acute irradiation syndrome, irradtation of the fetus may produce congenital malformation, Genetic
influences include dominant and recessive mutated genes. The
relation between dose, effect, and radiation protection is described. The simplest chemicai radioprotective agents, MEA
and AET, are noted. Physicians are urged to acquire special
knowledge of radiation problems. (BEB)
45940
EFFICIENCY AND LIMITATIONS OF LASERS AS
WEAPONS, Meyer-Arendt, Jurgen R. (Pacific Univ., Forest
Grove, Oreg.), Amer. J, Optom., 45: 188-91 (Mar. 1968),
Biological effects of laser radiation, particularly in the eye, are
Teviewed and the use of lasers as military weapons is considered.
. «Laser radiation entering the eye will be focused on the retina, {n_Creasing the energy density by at least 100 times. This energy is
eet
ae:e
Thpa
7
i
my;
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43
. then absorbed primarily by the pigment in the retinal epithelium.
Even at low irradiance the pigment epithelium becomes disorga= Mlzed. In more severe cases the epithelium can virtually explode,
forming vapor bubbles and cdusing severe hemorrhages surround-
43 ing the vaporized and destroyed tissue. Most of this is due to heat
# . effects although pressure waves, ionization, and, perhaps, gaseous
3, - Plasmas may alao play a role, The typical lesion in the retina
x1 GOnsists of 9 zones. In the center, plgment granules are severely
disarranged and dislodged. Some black pigment may actually be
ejected into the vitreous humor, A hemorrhagets often found in
_. front of the retinal lesion,. A-marked decrease in certain enzyme
*,, Activities may be found with even the slightest damage, and such
lesions occur first at the hot ‘spots of a laser beam, the regions
of slightly higher energy density within a beam of non-uniform
_ Shergy distribution. This explains why minimal lesions can be
Zz Smaller than the actual diameter of the laser beam on the retina.
< Severe cases, the choroid {s damaged as well. From the center,
-
4701
LIFE SCIENCES
Nov. 30, 196?
eat {6 dissipated by conduction and this produces a surrounding
zone of edema and conpulation. This cone, i turn, is surreanded
by a region showing some orange iscoluration and other vt-turbanees in the normal piypment
which retinal lesigns develop ys
ruby laser, (BBB)
45941
distribution. The ‘hpeshole cbeye
PT! vem with yp copeendi nal
A DRAMATIC CAsr OF SPINO-CELL! LAR nd PTHE-
LIOMA GN RADIODIFRMATITIS OF THE SCALD.
Fr.; Preaux, J.; Texter, Ml.
T4: 203-2(1967).
Varbremeersch,
Pull. sec, Fr, Dermatol, Sypniligr.,
(in French).
The case history of a womon, ceed 38 sre, with sping-cetlubar
epithelioma on radiodermatitis of the scalp is repurted ‘The
wornan hid received an overcxpesure trom ridivthe raps, resulting
in vcute radionecrosis of the coalp ancc.rs. Shooaces cinco treatment for Tyre, then cuter a lupe ot 6 yrs she cn ra needed treat
ment foe vast infected ulecration: of the scalp. Seven vrs lates
she vas again under treatment for benign ulceration: and a spines
cellular cpithelioma. Both time. one cefused tas omptete the
course ot treatment. Pwowrs biter, im Pd7, sce caein ea. ander
treaiment for ocerpilul matignunt Gaacor. Surei ab
reatment was
Planned, but the patrent devetopest a otiassite oce pital invasion
that nade the surgery Impossible. dhe patheat was pet unde d
aieviation treatment und died in uly Poq7. GES
45742
BOND. CHANGES IN OCCU VATION ATL KADIODE AMA
TIFIS. Kolar, J.; Vrabec, By; dirasek, (4: Hew, Vi, Peskaya, H.
(Charles Univ., Prague). Acta Chir. Plast., tu: 74-2001958%),
Bone changes in 8d patients with oecusstousd danigge te the skin
caused by radiation were evcdiedted and chissahied. Alost oatient=
were physicians and laboraters technichias working with veriaus
kinds of toniving radiation, i most cases x-ray apparatus. All
showed chronic radiation changes in dhe shin, i.e, utroph,, belangiectasia, fissures, erosion, ulceration, and hyperkeratesis, Mm
more thaa s0O ot the patients there Were clignant changes The
bone changes induced dy the direct oflecr of irradiation of the bune
and secondarily by ie striction of netrition of bune duc to danage
to the vessels by radiation may be of concern in therapy, specially
for plastic surgical operations.
Investigation of the coucition of
the bone is considered an indispensable part of the preoperative
examination in these patients. Bone uvury is accompanied by
osteoporosis, “hich is more marked at the end. of the tubular
bones of (he hand especially in the phalanges. Reconstruction of
bene occurs first in the distal and medical phalanges, ‘hen in the’
basal ones and only in a considerably a:shanced stage at the ends
of the inetacarpals. The basic features of the rebuilding precess
are those of by pertraphic osteoporusis; the camoaet bone in the
phalanges is usucily thinned, Some of the trebeculac "the
spongiosa are disordered and the remaining ones thickoncc.
Changes in the joints are, as a rule, found oniy in cases with
severe damage, l.e¢., in those with advanced atrophy, ulcerations,
and hyperkeratuses of radiation origin. They appear a. t slowly
progressing creding arthviti: that, in paticnts after therapetitie
irradiation, usually affects a singic joint. In occupational injury
to the hands interphalangeal joints are affected. In the radiographs,
the first signs consist in marginal! erosions on the edge of the
articular surfaces that gradually become more extensive and
finally show a picture of advanced eroding, acthritis with destructien of the articular surtace. (BLE)
45943
LUTION,
MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF RADIOACTIVE POL-
Dunham, Cc. 1.
(Atomic Energy Commission, Wash-
ington, D. C,), ADM (Rev, Asoc, Dent, Mex.), 24: 153-8 (Mar.Apr, 1967), (mn spanish).
An assessment is made of the extent of distribution of radio-
nuclides in the biosphere as a result of nuclear testing and increas-
ing use uf nuclear sources of power, as well as of the risks of contamination and of the known biological effects of radiation. Levels
of ®sr, 8icg, 4c, 251, and ™*pu released by nuclear testing are
discussed. Surface tests equivalent to 511 Mét of TNT relessed ~20
MCt of Sr into the atmosphere. The carcinogenic potential of
these radionuclides are considered. Tables are given which show
the projected number of genetic defects and of leukemia and osteosarcoma expected from fallout radiation in the United States. It
is suggested that man-made radiation levels are low compared with
other environmental and medical sources of irradiativn, and that
the risks to future generations are very small. (BBB)
45944
RESULTS OF RADIATION TREATMENT OF BLADDER
CARCINOMA WITH ULTRAHARD X RADIATION FROM A 17-Mev
BETATRON. Vieten, H,; Guenther, D. (Univ, Duesseldorf},
Urologe, 6: 83-7(Mar.-Apr, 1967), @n German),
Complications of treatment of bladder carcinomas with highvoltage (17-MeV) betatron irradiation were discussed. The
greatest danger of this type of irradiation was development af
radlogenic cystitis due to extremely rapid disintegration of the
tumor. Thig was particularly true in inoperable patients where
irradiation was the only treatment feasible. In order to prclong