Appendix E SUMMARY OF OTHER UNDERWATER DETONATIONS A brief summary of pertinent shot and weather data fur Shots Baker and Wigwam is presented in Tables E.1 through E.3. This material has been abstracted from References 8, 9, 14, 24, 35, 54, 99, 101, and 128 through 131. E.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS The general conditions are listed in Table E.1. E.2 SHOT BAKER The surface waters were illuminated by the fireball for a few milliseconds, this luminosity disappearing as the bubble reached the surface. Following the appearance of the slick, a coni- cal spray dome began to form at about 4 msec after zero time; its initial rate of rise was approximately 2,500 ft/sec. A few milliseconds later, plumes began to form. These plumes rapidly overtook the spray dome and formed a hollow column approximately 8,000 feet high and 2,000 feet in diameter (estimated thickness of the column walls Is 300 feet). The fireball was briefly visible near the top of this column but was quickly obscured by the development of a large cumuliform cloud capping the column. Massive bodies of water fell from the periphery of this cumuliform cloud, reaching the surface at approximately 10 seconds. Also at 10 seconds, a base surge generated by the collapsing column expanded outward rapidly and reached a height of 500 feet at 12 seconds. The cumuliform cloud persisted during the base surge formation, and a heavy rain was observed to fall from it from approximately 1 to 2.5 minutes; the annular ring of maximum rainfall had approximate inner and outer diameters of 4,000 and 6,000 feet, respectively. After about 5 minutes, the base surge lifted from the water surface and rose to form a part of the lower cloud deck. from this lower cloud deck. A moderate to heavy rain lasting for nearly an hour fell An initial dose rate greater than 10,000 r/hr was reported aboard the LCT-874 at 7,260 feet and 48° T of surface zero. Peak dose rates of 4,000 r/hr at 2 minutes, 180 r/hr at 5 minutes, 220 r/hr at 6 minutes, and 900 r/hr at 7 minutes were recorded aboard the LCT-874 (7,260 feet, 48° T from surface zero), USS Crittenden (APA-77) (5,025 feet, 276° T from surface zero), USS Carterett (APA-~70) (9,720 feet, 256° T from surface zero), and LCI-332 (5,610 feet, 88° T from surface zero), respectively. E:3 SHOT WIGWAM The first evidence of detonation was an expanding disk on the water surface indicating the arrival of the shock wave. The expanding disk appeared as a white area with a dark fringe and reached a radius of 7,000 feet. The spray dome appeared at 386 msec after the appearance of the first surface effects (called surface zero time or SZT) reaching a maximum radius of 7,000 feet at 1 second and a maximum height of 160 feet at 2.5 seconds after its initial appearance. Also at 2.5 seconds, a second dome of extremely spiky appearance rose above the first spray dome. Spikes reached a height of 900 feet at approximately 8 seconds. The tallest oO 414