f-

zetector was converted to dose rate, using such a curve specifically determined for

C.3 END-WINDOW GAMMA COUNTER RESPONSE
The relative response for a point gamma source on the fifth shelf of End-Window Gamma
Counter 2 is given in Table C.1 and plotted in Figure C.10. Without a detailed knowledge of
the energy spectra of the samples counted and without a complete analysis of distributed source
effects, the energy response presented cannot be applied to the measurements obtained for the

IC trays with an accuracy greater than + 30 percent. Assuming an average energy of 0.7 Mev at

the time of counting, the efficiency of the End-Window Gamma Counter 2 was probably between
0.25 and 0.45 percent.

C.4 FILM CALIBRATION

All films used in the NBS film holders were recalibrated at EPG, using a 200-curie Co™

source. Control films were exposed over a period extending from H+1 to H+31i for Wahoo
and from H—22 to H+8 hours for Umbrella, and the developmentof all film was delayed until
at least H+144, to reduce possible errors due to latent image fading. The calibration curves

used to interpret Wahoo and Umbrella film densities are given in Figures C.11 through C.14.
All film densities were determined with an Eberline FD-2 film densitometer; however, the

conversion from density to gamma dose was done manually, using the curves given. The energy response of these films in the NBS holders has been determined in Reference 121, anda
summary of the results is presented in Figures C.15 and C.16. The directional response was

consistent with data given in Reference 63.

C.5 EMPIRICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN STD-GITR AND IC
In the event of heavy deposition from the base surge, the free-field dose rate might have to
be estimated from the gross gamma dose rate; the relative contribution from material deposited

on coracie and detector surfaces being known.

Therefore, an empirical relationship was es-

tablished between a known distribution of radioactive material per unit area on the coracle

surfaces, as indicated by the IC, and the resultant total field measured by the std-GITR.

This

conversion factor was determined by some preliminary experiments prior to departure for EPG;
but, since the relative contribution from deposited material appears to be small, no detailed
evaluation of the conversion factor has been attempted.

Deposition from base surge was simulated by spraying a La‘ slurry over the upper section

of a coracle. The technique of spraying relatively uniform deposits of radioactive material
over various surfaces has been previously developed by NRDL (References 122 and 123). The

project made use of the facility established at Camp Stoneman, California. The upper section
of a coracle, including the instrument well and all instruments, was mounted on roller tracks
so that the sensitive volume of the std-GITR detector was exactly 4.06 feet above the concrete
floor (the expected distance for the detector above the ocean surface}. The scattering and al-

bedo data for concrete (References 124 and 125) indicated that the backscatter from the ocean
surface for 1-Mev gammas was closely approximated by the concrete floor at this distance.

The coracle with its assemblage of instruments in operation was then drawn through the spray

system, which deposited a known amount of La!° slurry over all coracle surfaces.

The coracle

was then removed from the spray area, and the resultant gammafield was measured first with
the GITR in the normal coracle position and then at various distances above the coracle deck.

The IC trays that collected the La’? slurry were recovered immediately and counted on Shelf
5 End-Window Gamma Counter 2, the same counter used for all subsequemt IC tray counts in

EPG (Section 3.3.1). The IC tray counts, corrected for coincidence loss and decay, were used
to determine the ratio between the IC counts and the GITR record (Figure'C.17). This rela-~
tionship was determined to be:

Sy

So

“AY

367

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